Effects of feeding diets composed of corn silage and a corn milling product with and without supplemental lysine and methionine to dairy cows

Abstract

Formulating diets with high inclusion rates of a feed that provides necessary nutrients at lower-thanmarket prices for those nutrients should increase income over feed costs if the feed is not detrimental to yields of milk and milk components. The objective of this study was to determine whether cows fed a diet composed of approximately 53% corn silage, 44% corn milling product (68% dry matter, 21% crude protein, 37% neutral detergent fiber, and 9% starch) and 3% minerals (CMP) would have similar productivity as cows fed a control diet of predominantly corn silage, alfalfa silage, corn grain, and soybean meal. Based on the National Research Council ( 2001) dairy model, the CMP diet was inadequate in metabolizable methionine and extremely low in metabolizable lysine. A third treatment (CMP+AA) was the same as the CMP diet but was supplemented with rumen-protected lysine and methionine. Twenty-one Holstein cows were used in a replicated Latin square (28-d periods) design to evaluate production responses to the 3 diets. Diets were formulated to contain the same concentration of net energy for lactation and metabolizable protein (MP) based on the National Research Council model, but diets with CMP contained more neutral detergent fiber (38.3 vs. 31.4%) and less starch (21.6 vs. 30.5%) than the control diet. Lysine as a percent of MP was 6.5, 6.0, and 6.8 for the control, CMP, and CMP+AA diets, respectively, and methionine was 1.8, 1.8, and 2.3% of MP, respectively. Dry matter intake was not affected by diet (24.3 kg/d), but milk yield was lower for cows fed either CMP diet than for those fed control (36.0 vs 38.1 kg/d). Milk fat concentrations were normal and not affected by diet (3.7%). Milk protein concentration was greater for cows fed CMP+AA than for cows fed the other 2 treatments (3.19 vs. 3.11%); however, milk protein yield was greatest for cows fed the conventional diet. The concentration of methionine in plasma was significantly greater for cows fed CMP+AA than for cows fed the other diets. Plasma lysine concentrations were greater for cows fed the conventional diet than for those fed the other 2 diets. Plasma concentrations of several essential AA were lower for cows fed either CMP diet. Based on calculated energy balance, diets contained similar concentrations of net energy for lactation, but cows fed CMP diets partitioned more energy toward body energy reserves than did control cows, perhaps because supply of specific AA limited milk synthesis.

The bacterial community and metabolome dynamics and their interactions modulate fermentation process of whole crop corn silage prepared with or without inoculants

“…Based on the data of relative concentrations of metabolites (Data S2), the applied inoculants in the present study increased the concentration of lysine. Lysine has been reported to increase the concentration of milk protein (Weiss, 2019). Therefore, the present study suggested that inoculation of either L. plantarum or L. buchneri has potentials to improve animal performance.…”

Humoral immune response in beef heifers supplemented with mineral salt with or without the addition of rumen-protected methionine

“…In this sense, our study was not able to guarantee integrality in the absorption of supplemented elements since serum doses of the proposed minerals and amino acids were not performed. Recent studies using the same source of rumen-protected methionine used in our experiment ensured significantly higher levels of plasma methionine in dairy cows supplemented for at least 21 days (ZANG et al, 2017;ZHOU et al, 2017;WEISS, 2019).…”

“…Another trend in the current market for supplementation is the rumen-protected amino acids (WEISS, 2019). With the improvement in the formulation of ruminant diets, the concept of metabolizable protein was consolidated as an important basis in the evaluations.…”

Effects of supplementing limiting amino acids on milk production in dairy cows consuming a corn grain and soybean meal-based diet

“…Therefore, dairy diets formulated with high a level of corn grain (a typical feeding regime in Korea) do not supply sufficient lysine to high-producing dairy cows. It is also understood that corn- and soybean-rich diets are not satisfactory for supplying methionine to high-producing dairy cows [ 29 , 30 ]. Even in a monogastric animal, such as rats, when such cereal grains were fed to them, there was a remarkable decrease in feed intake and weight gain, as well as a lowering of the efficiency of AA utilization in the body [ 31 ].…”