Effects of fasting and refeeding on protein and glucose metabolism in Arctic charr

Cassidy, Alicia A.; Blier, Pierre; François, Nathalie; Dionne, Patrick; Morin, Pier Jr; Lamarre, Simon G.

doi:10.1016/j.cbpa.2018.08.010

Cited by 18 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…mRNA transcripts regulating protein degradation via the autophagy pathway (cathepsin D and cathepsin L) in muscle were upregulated during feed restriction and downregulated after refeeding allowing for greater protein accretion in muscle, facilitating compensatory growth. The same research group later studied possible adjustment of protein metabolism in fasting Arctic charr (Cassidy et al 2018) of the Canadian Fraser strain. They found no observable effects of food deprivation on the protease activities in any of the tissues measured (red and white muscle, liver, heart and gills) with the exception of liver, where the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway seemed to be activated during fasting conditions.…”

Section: Compensatory Growth and Restricted Feedingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of environmental factors on the growth and maturation of farmed Arctic charr

Imsland

Gunnarsson

Thorarensen

2019

Reviews in Aquaculture

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Farming of Arctic charr mainly takes place in land-based farms applying intensive rearing methods with relatively high production costs. Depending on local conditions at each site, it is possible to regulate important environmental factors to improve productivity and well-being of the fish. Knowledge about how these different environmental factors affect various farming traits is important to reduce production costs. This review shows how rearing temperature, photoperiod, salinity and feeding rate can affect farming traits such as growth rate, maturation and feed conversion efficiency of Arctic charr. High growth rate during juvenile phase when the fish are reared at higher temperatures can result in higher incidence of maturation during the on-growing period. Overall, more moderate rearing temperature regimes seem to result in better long-term growth rates. Photoperiod manipulation and feed ration can be used as tools to improve growth and reduce maturation. It is possible to rear Arctic charr successfully up to market size in salinities up to c. 27-28 ppt. However, extended rearing resulted in higher ratio of sexually mature fish at 29 than at 25 possibly linked to higher rearing temperatures in brackish water. Future studies should focus on better preserving the potential high growth rate of Arctic charr during juvenile phase into the on-growing period and establish protocols to improve the seawater tolerance of Arctic charr.

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Section: Compensatory Growth and Restricted Feedingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of environmental factors on the growth and maturation of farmed Arctic charr

Imsland

Gunnarsson

Thorarensen

2019

Reviews in Aquaculture

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“…163 Autophagy is reported as up-regulated during fasting, notably in fish. 155,164 In general, macroautophagy, which can degrade damaged organelles or protein aggregates selectively or not, 163 is regularly activated during the first hours of fasting. 157,165,166 Apart from its intracellular cleaner function, macroautophagy leads to lipophagy, a process consisting in lipid droplet breakdown by lysosome.…”

Section: Effect Of Food Restriction and Compensatory Growth On Comple...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…that autophagy was downregulated during refeeding prior to compensatory growth, 164 thus suggesting to be a possible driver of the phenomenon. 172 Further research on protein degradation, which is still scarce in fish and almost non-existent in crustaceans, could help to better understand the mechanisms of compensatory growth initiation.…”

Section: Effect Of Food Restriction and Compensatory Growth On Comple...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Autophagy or ‘self‐eating’ allows the recycling of intracellular material into lysosome via 3 different pathways: macroautophagy, microautophagy and chaperone mediate autophagy (CMA) 163 . Autophagy is reported as up‐regulated during fasting, notably in fish 155,164 . In general, macroautophagy, which can degrade damaged organelles or protein aggregates selectively or not, 163 is regularly activated during the first hours of fasting 157,165,166 .…”

Section: Energy Metabolism Plasticitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Compensatory growth: Fitness cost in farmed fish and crustaceans

Elizondo‐González

Peña‐Rodríguez

2022

Reviews in Aquaculture

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Feed restriction in fish and crustaceans is gaining interest due to its unusual acceleration of growth after a feed deprivation period. This phenomenon, known as compensatory growth, allows deprived organisms to reach the weight of never‐stressed counterpart organisms. Since feed is the major economic and ecological burden of fish and crustaceans farming, succeeding to reduce its quantity without loss of production may enhance a sustainable aquaculture development. A wide variety of restriction/feeding protocols, involving differences in nature, duration and intensity, have been tested on aquatic organisms. However, not all of them lead to optimal compensatory growth. Furthermore, before extending this practice to industrial setting, it is essential to assess physiological costs associated with both food restriction and compensatory growth. Indeed, although fish and crustaceans appear to be tolerant to dietary restriction, it involves metabolic, digestive, oxidative and immune changes. Nevertheless, return to basal values is not always achieved through refeeding. Compensatory growth has been observed and described in many taxa; however, physiological mechanisms during this process are poorly understood. On the other hand, the acceleration of growth itself appears to generate physiological consequences in organisms, particularly through the generation of oxidative stress. This review provides an overview of the fitness consequences associated with dietary restriction and the subsequent enigmatic compensatory growth in fish and crustaceans.

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“…Fish are more capable of compensatory growth than other animals (Ali et al, 2003). Many stress factors of the environment, such as dietary nutrient composition (Cho & Heo, 2011), temperature (Peng et al, 2017) and starvation (Cassidy et al, 2018; Fang et al, 2017), can lead to compensatory growth of fish. Density is a kind of environmental stress factors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compensatory growth in gibel carp (carassius auratus gibelio) after the stress of stocking density

Chen

Yang

Rizwan

et al. 2021

Aquaculture Research

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The research was performed to investigate the compensatory growth in gibel carp (Carassius auratus gibelio) after the stress of stocking density; the 8‐week growth trial was performed in a proper system of 12 fibreglass tanks. Four different density groups were marked as C (control group), D1/2, D1/4 and D1/8, and the biomasses were converted into 1.98 kg/m3, 3.96 kg/m3, 7.91 kg/m3 and 15.82 kg/m3 respectively. Under density stress, the final weight, protein retention efficiency (PRE), feed conversion efficiency (FCE) and specific growth rate (SGR) of groups D1/2, D1/4 and D1/8 were significantly lower than group C (p < 0.05) and reduced with the increase in density. In the period of the recovery of activity space (5–8 weeks), groups D1/2, D1/4 and D1/8 have significantly higher feeding rate (FR), FCE and SGR than group C. There was no significant difference in body weight between group D1/2 and group C, while the body weight of group D1/4 and group D1/8 was still significantly lower than group C. The hepatosomatic index (HSI) of the D1/8 group was extremely low before and after the restoration of activity space (p < 0.05). Under stress, the lipid contents of group D1/4 and group D1/8 were significantly lower than group C. Subsequently, the recovery of activity space, the lipid content of group D1/8, was still significantly lower than group C. The results obtained indicated that the D1/2 group (3.96 kg/m3) successfully lead to wholly compensatory growth, while the D1/4 (7.91 kg/m3) and D1/8 (15.82 kg/m3) group partially lead to compensatory growth. So, higher density leads to poor compensation effect.

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Effects of fasting and refeeding on protein and glucose metabolism in Arctic charr

Cited by 18 publications

References 45 publications

Impact of environmental factors on the growth and maturation of farmed Arctic charr

Impact of environmental factors on the growth and maturation of farmed Arctic charr

Compensatory growth: Fitness cost in farmed fish and crustaceans

Compensatory growth in gibel carp (carassius auratus gibelio) after the stress of stocking density

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