Effects of facial fanning on local exercise performance and thermoregulatory responses during hyperthermia

Hirata, Kozo; Nagasaka, Tetsuo; Nunomura, Tadahiro; Hirai, Atsuo; Hirashita, Masami

doi:10.1007/bf00696374

Cited by 26 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Similar reduction was seen for RPE legs , although in this case the differences remained statistical significant. These results are in agreement with previous observations, where a positive action of face fanning during hyperthermia on RPE and performance of local muscle contractions was demonstrated (Hirata et al 1987).…”

Section: Fig 3 Graphs Depict Values Forsupporting

confidence: 95%

The effect of passive heating and face cooling on perceived exertion during exercise in the heat

Armada-da-Silva

Woods

Jones

2004

European Journal of Applied Physiology

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Increased body temperature is thought to be an important component of the higher perception of exertion that is a feature of fatigue during exercise in the heat but a causal relationship has yet to be demonstrated. We have investigated the effect of passive heating on the perception of exertion during a standard bout of exercise and also assessed the effect of cooling the head on compensating for the increased body temperature on the feelings of exertion. Ten male subjects performed a 14-min cycling exercise [average power $63% of maximum power output ( _ W max )] at an ambient temperature of 35°C at resting rectal temperature [mean (SD): 37.49 (0.27)°C; control (CON) trial] on one occasion, and after sitting in a sauna to raise rectal temperature [mean (SD): 38.95(0.13)°C; sauna (SAU) trial]. During the exercise, subjects reported their ratings of overall perceived exertion (RPE), perceived exertion of the legs (RPE legs ) and thermal comfort (TC). A blood sample was collected by the end of the exercise for determination of plasma glucose, lactate and prolactin and haematocrit. RPE values were significantly elevated after passive heating [mean (SE): 14.5 (0.7) units in CON and 17.2 (0.5) units in SAU, at the end of exercise; P<0.001] as were the RPE legs (P<0.01), while ratings of TC were similar in CON and SAU trials. Passive heating increased blood glucose (P<0.05) but had no effect on lactate at the end of the exercise. Plasma prolactin was markedly elevated as a result of the sauna exposure [mean (SE): 1598 (152) versus 225 (31) mU l )1 in SAU and CON trials, respectively; P<0.001]. Six of the subjects repeated the two trials but with the face cooled during exercise (trials CON FAN and SAU FAN ) that was achieved by combining face fanning and spraying the face with a mist of cooled water. Face cooling decreased RPE values after sauna to a point that no differences between the two conditions existed. RPE legs scores and heart rate, however, remained higher in SAU FAN compared with CON FAN (P<0.05). We conclude that hyperthermia is a causative element of the increased perception of exertion during submaximal exercise in the heat and that the effect of increased core temperature on the feelings of exertion is modulated by face cooling.

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Section: Fig 3 Graphs Depict Values Forsupporting

confidence: 95%

The effect of passive heating and face cooling on perceived exertion during exercise in the heat

Armada-da-Silva

Woods

Jones

2004

European Journal of Applied Physiology

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“…Olshewski and Bru¨ck (1988) have demonstrated that endurance time on a cycle ergometer was increased by 12% when the subjects were precooled by being exposed to 5-10°C for 30 min just before the beginning of exercise. Hirata et al (1987) have found that handgrip exercise performance was markedly decreased by hyperthermia which was induced by hot water bath immersion of both legs. Therefore, the skin pressure caused by sportswear worn in a warm environment could produce quicker increase of core temperature, resulting in faster fatigue.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Effects of pressure exerted on the skin by elastic cord on the core temperature, body weight loss and salivary secretion rate at 35°C

2005

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Effects of pressure exerted on the skin by elastic cord on the core temperature, body weight loss and salivary secretion rate were studied under conditions of ambient temperature of 35 degrees C and a relative humidity of 60%. Twelve healthy females, aged 18-23 years, served as subjects. The subjects entered a bioclimatic chamber and rested quietly in a chair for 80 min. Then, skin pressure was exerted by applying elastic cord (8.5 mm wide) to six different skin areas, such as axilla, under-bust, waist, inguines, thighs and ankles. The values of skin pressure by elastic cord ranged from 11.9 to 33.3 g/cm(2). In the control experiment, wrapping with an elastic cord was loosely performed without any skin pressure. Rectal and skin temperatures, body weight loss by sweating and salivary secretion rate were measured throughout the 160 min experimental period. Core temperature increased more significantly under pressure exerted on the skin. Body weight loss by mainly sweating and salivary secretion rate were significantly suppressed under pressure exerted on the skin. We discussed the physiological mechanisms in terms of suppression of central nervous activity as to why significant increase of core temperatures, inhibition of body weight loss mainly by sweating and of salivary secretion rate occurred, and furthermore practical significance of these findings for impairment of digestion, swallowing, vocalizing, defense against disease bacteria and sport activity.

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“…A large number of studies have investigated the influences of human face or head cooling on thermal comfort [3], sweat rate [35], work load [18], and heart rate [10,32] when hyperthermic. The majority of them demonstrate that artificial head cooling in hyperthermic subjects reduces brain temperature, as inferred from the reduction of T ty .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of facial fanning on thermal comfort sensation during hyperthermia

Kato

Sugenoya

Matsumoto

et al. 2001

Pflügers Arch - Eur J Physiol

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We studied how facial fanning during hyperthermia improves the thermal comfort sensation. Experiments were carried out on ten male subjects. They were immersed in hot water at 40 degrees C for 45 min. At 20 min and 35 min, fanning (1 m x s(-1)) was applied to their faces for 5 min. Core temperature (Tc) measured as esophageal temperature (Tes) and tympanic temperature (Tty) continued to rise during the immersion, but temporarily decreased during fanning with a delay of 2 or 3 min. Skin temperatures (Ts) on the forehead and cheek continued to increase slightly during immersion, but decreased immediately after the start of fanning. During immersion before face fanning, the time trend of thermal sensation towards the warm level was similar to that of skin temperature on the face, whereas the time trend of thermal comfort ratings towards the uncomfortable level was similar to that of Tc. The scores of both thermal sensation and thermal comfort were reduced significantly immediately after the start of fanning, and their time courses were different to those of Ts and Tty. These results support previous reports that thermal sensation depends on skin temperature, and that thermal comfort depends on both the skin and core temperatures. Moreover, they indicate that both thermal sensation and comfort ratings are affected by the dynamic responses of the cutaneous thermoreceptors when fanning is applied to the face during hyperthermia.

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Effects of facial fanning on local exercise performance and thermoregulatory responses during hyperthermia

Cited by 26 publications

References 25 publications

The effect of passive heating and face cooling on perceived exertion during exercise in the heat

The effect of passive heating and face cooling on perceived exertion during exercise in the heat

Effects of pressure exerted on the skin by elastic cord on the core temperature, body weight loss and salivary secretion rate at 35°C

The effects of facial fanning on thermal comfort sensation during hyperthermia

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