“…Over the past decade considerable attention has been given to the development of ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometry to both characterize and quantify NAFC in oil sands related samples (Barrow et al, 2016;Barrow et al, 2004;Bowman et al, 2014;Brunswick et al, 2015;Chen et al, 2015;Headley et al, 2016;Headley et al, 2015;Headley et al, 2014;Headley et al, 2013;Headley et al, 2011b;Huang et al, 2016;Jie et al, 2015;Nyakas et al, 2013;Pereira and Martin, 2015;Pereira et al, 2013;Wilde et al, 2015). Due to the complexity of NAFC mixtures, the results are dependent upon numerous variables associated with the analytical procedure.…”