Effects of extracellular vesicles on placentation and pregnancy disorders

Yang, Changwon; Song, Gwonhwa; Lim, Whasun

doi:10.1530/rep-19-0147

Cited by 35 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Syncytiotrophoblast clustering and abnormalities are hallmarks of placental insufficiency and pathology (182) and released EVs are linked to endothelial damage, monocyte stimulation and an upregulation of the maternal pro-inflammatory response (180). This phenomenon is also characteristic of GDM, where recent work suggested an alteration in miRNA content in trophoblast-derived EVs in the sera of GDM patients (183,184). These particular miRNAs were proposed to act as important regulators of trophoblast differentiation as well as in insulin secretion and glucose transport in pregnant women (184) and therefore may be key regulators of GDM pathology.…”

Section: Extracellular Vesiclesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms of Endothelial Dysfunction in Pre-eclampsia and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Windows Into Future Cardiometabolic Health?

et al. 2020

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Placental insufficiency and adipose tissue dysregulation are postulated to play key roles in the pathophysiology of both pre-eclampsia (PE) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). A dysfunctional release of deleterious signaling motifs can offset an increase in circulating oxidative stressors, pro-inflammatory factors and various cytokines. It has been previously postulated that endothelial dysfunction, instigated by signaling from endocrine organs such as the placenta and adipose tissue, may be a key mediator of the vasculopathy that is evident in both adverse obstetric complications. These signaling pathways also have significant effects on long term maternal cardiometabolic health outcomes, specifically cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and type II diabetes. Recent studies have noted that both PE and GDM are strongly associated with lower maternal flow-mediated dilation, however the exact pathways which link endothelial dysfunction to clinical outcomes in these complications remains in question. The current diagnostic regimen for both PE and GDM lacks specificity and consistency in relation to clinical guidelines. Furthermore, current therapeutic options rely largely on clinical symptom control such as antihypertensives and insulin therapy, rather than that of early intervention or prophylaxis. A better understanding of the pathogenic origin of these obstetric complications will allow for more targeted therapeutic interventions. In this review we will explore the complex signaling relationship between the placenta and adipose tissue in PE and GDM and investigate how these intricate pathways affect maternal endothelial function and, hence, play a role in acute pathophysiology and the development of future chronic maternal health outcomes.

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Section: Extracellular Vesiclesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms of Endothelial Dysfunction in Pre-eclampsia and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Windows Into Future Cardiometabolic Health?

et al. 2020

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“…Nevertheless, we postulate that the placenta may contribute to the overall increase in small EVs observed after acute exercise, but necessitates further assessment. The placenta is known to release small EVs vital for mediating maternal-fetal communication 31,[45][46][47] , and it is hypothesized that the placenta releases the majority of EVs in circulation during pregnancy, namely, from trophoblast cells 22,23 . Some reports estimate that between 12 and 25% of small EVs in maternal circulation have placental origins 48 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circulating small extracellular vesicles increase after an acute bout of moderate-intensity exercise in pregnant compared to non-pregnant women

Mohammad

Hutchinson

Silva

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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The physiological and molecular mechanisms linking prenatal physical activity and improvements in maternal–fetal health are unknown. It is hypothesized that small extracellular vesicles (EVs, ~ 10–120 nm) are involved in tissue cross-talk during exercise. We aimed to characterize the circulating small EV profile of pregnant versus non-pregnant women after an acute bout of moderate-intensity exercise. Pregnant (N = 10) and non-pregnant control (N = 9) women performed a single session of moderate-intensity treadmill walking for 30 min. Plasma was collected immediately pre- and post-exercise, and small EVs were isolated by differential ultracentrifugation. EV presence was confirmed by western blotting for the small EV proteins TSG-101 and flottilin-1. Small EVs were quantified by size and concentration using nanoparticle tracking analysis and transmission electron microscopy. All EV fractions were positive for TSG-101 and flotillin-1, and negative for calnexin. Mean vesicle size at baseline and percent change in size post-exercise were not different between groups. At baseline, pregnant women had higher levels of small EVs compared to controls (1.83E+10 ± 1.25E+10 particles/mL vs. 8.11E+09 ± 4.04E+09 particles/mL, respectively; p = 0.032). Post-exercise, small EVs increased significantly in the circulation of pregnant compared to non-pregnant women after correcting for baseline values (64.7 ± 24.6% vs. − 23.3 ± 26.1%, respectively; F = 5.305, p = 0.035). Further research is needed to assess the functional roles of exercise-induced small EVs in pregnancy.

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“…Placental exosomes are reported to be involved in the pathology of pregnancy as well [3,67]. The quantity and content of placental exosomes could be linked to placental dysfunction-specifically to preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, and preterm birth [3,19,68]. Increased secretion of vesicles was detected during pregnancies complicated by gestational diabetes [20] and preeclampsia [69].…”

Section: Exosomes In Pathological Pregnanciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exosomes as Messengers between Mother and Fetus in Pregnancy

Czernek

Duechler

2020

IJMS

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The ability of exosomes to transport different molecular cargoes and their ability to influence various physiological factors is already well known. An exciting area of research explores the functions of exosomes in healthy and pathological pregnancies. Placenta-derived exosomes were identified in the maternal circulation during pregnancy and their contribution in the crosstalk between mother and fetus are now starting to become defined. In this review, we will try to summarize actual knowledge about this topic and to answer the question of how important exosomes are for a healthy pregnancy.

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Effects of extracellular vesicles on placentation and pregnancy disorders

Cited by 35 publications

References 58 publications

Mechanisms of Endothelial Dysfunction in Pre-eclampsia and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Windows Into Future Cardiometabolic Health?

Mechanisms of Endothelial Dysfunction in Pre-eclampsia and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Windows Into Future Cardiometabolic Health?

Circulating small extracellular vesicles increase after an acute bout of moderate-intensity exercise in pregnant compared to non-pregnant women

Exosomes as Messengers between Mother and Fetus in Pregnancy

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