Effects of expanded vermiculite on the properties of fired bricks from water treatment sludge

Abstract

In the present study, the suitability of using water treatment sludge (WTS) as the main raw material and expanded vermiculite (EV) as aggregate in the production of fired bricks was investigated. Mixtures containing between 75%-100% WTS by weight (wt.) and 5%-25% EV by wt. were prepared at various proportions. The mixtures were compressed under 40 MPa pressure and fired at 1000 • C. It was found the incorporation of EV in fired bricks resulted in a decrease in thermal conductivity, compressive strength, and bulk density and an increase in apparent porosity and water absorption. For the addition of 5%-25% EV by wt., bulk density ranged between 2.01 and 1.69 kg/m 3 , compressive strength 19.3 and 8.3 MPa, water absorption 21.1% and 10.1%, and thermal conductivity 0.678 and 0.374 W/m-K, respectively. Based on the promising physical and mechanical properties, fired bricks incorporating WTS and EV can potentially offer an alternative to the traditional production of clay bricks while adhering to the principle of a circular economy.

Fabrication of porous mullite‐based ceramic bricks from Al‐rich water treatment sludge and kaolinitic‐based clay

“…However, the current study has confirmed that care must be taken when using WTS as partial replacement in clay‐based refractories as it contains impurities that lower the mullitization temperature and form a liquid phase with relatively low viscosity in the Al 2 O 3 –SiO 2 system 27 . Various studies using WTS as a partial replacement of clay minerals in the production of clay bricks show that increasing WTS content in clay mixtures increased porosity and water absorption and a decrease in bulk density 43 . It is reported that a replacement of up to 30 wt.% WTS in fired clay gives a good combination of properties for brick production.…”

“…27 Various studies using WTS as a partial replacement of clay minerals in the production of clay bricks show that increasing WTS content in clay mixtures increased porosity and water absorption and a decrease in bulk density. 43 It is reported that a replacement of up to 30 wt.% WTS in fired clay gives a good combination of properties for brick production. However, the sintering temperature can be increased to achieve higher density and lower porosity.…”