Effects of exhaustive exercises, with different intensities, on oxidative stress markers in rat plasma and skeletal muscle

Exercise-Induced Oxidative Stress and the Effects of Antioxidant Intake from a Physiological Viewpoint

“…For example, several sites of ROS and free radical production in skeletal muscle have been identified with inhibitors of specific enzymes (e.g., apocynin and allopurinol) and in in vitro experiments mimicking exercise [ 7 , 22 ]. However, in recent years, there has been an increasing understanding that blood itself, in addition to organs including skeletal muscle, is also a source of free radical production [ 140 ]. Accordingly, it has been reported that free radicals may be produced in erythrocytes and leukocytes [ 141 ].…”

Caffeinated instant coffee prevents an increase in exercise-mediated superoxide anion production in rat peritoneal neutrophils

“…Several studies have shown an increase in CK activity and oxidative stress in different tissues after intense muscle contractions (Paula et al, 2005;Huang et al, 2008;Chiang et al, 2009;Viana et al, 2012;Petersmann et al, 2016;Cheng et al, 2020). The reactive species produced in high concentration are responsible for an increase in oxidative stress markers, such as lipid peroxidation, protein carbonylation and DNA mutations that result in decreased muscle strength and muscle fatigue (Kawaura et al, 2018).…”

“…These conflicting data could be attributed to the different exercise protocols used in these studies; the body's response to exercise is highly dependent on factors such as the type, duration and intensity of the exercise performed (Margonis et al, 2007, Muñoz et al, 2010. Although there are other antioxidants that were not analyzed in this work (catalase, thioredoxin, peroxiredoxin and reduced glutathione), SOD and GPx are the body's first line of defense used to reduce the adverse effects of oxidative stress (Limón-Pacheco & Gonsebatt, 2009;Kawaura et al, 2018;Powers et al, 2020).…”

Exercise-induced oxidative stress and melatonin supplementation: current evidence

“…Intense physical activity (PA), similarly as other unhealthy lifestyle factors such as smoking, alcohol, improper diet, or environmental factors (e.g., radiation, viruses, and bacteria), disturbs the redox homeostasis toward oxidation [ 12 , 13 ]. Intense and prolonged exercise induces inflammation, due to high generation of free radicals and ROS/RNS and possible oxidative muscle damage [ 14 , 15 ]. In contrast, regular moderate-to-vigorous exercise generates moderate concentration of ROS/RNS, followed by adaptative responses favorable for the organism and exert beneficial effects on onset and progression of a number ROS/RNS-associated diseases [ 16 – 18 ].…”