Effects of Exercise Training on Circulating Retinol-Binding Protein 4 and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Obese Men

Abstract

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of 12-week exercise training on circulating retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) concentration and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in obese men. Methods: 29 obese men (age 48 ± 2 years; BMI 29.6 ± 0.7 kg/m²) participated in a 12-week exercise program (50–70% maximal heart rates; 3 times/week) without calorie restriction. Anthropometric parameters, CVD risk factors (total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), and quantitative insulin sensitivity check index), and circulating RBP4 and adipokine (adiponectin, leptin, and interleukin-6 (IL-6)) concentrations were measured. Results: Exercise training significantly improved in absolute peak oxygen consumption (p < 0.05), and CVD risk factors (p < 0.05), with the exception of HDLC. There was a significant decrease in circulating RBP4, leptin, and IL-6 concentrations (p < 0.05). Stepwise regression analysis revealed that changes in RBP4 concentration were independently related to the changes in TG concentration (β = 0.46, p < 0.05). Conclusion: These results demonstrate that exercise training without calorie restriction improves several CVD risk factors and circulating RBP4 and adipokine concentrations. Moreover, the change in circulating RBP4 may be more associated with the improvements in TG concentration in obese men.

In middle-aged and old obese patients, training intervention reduces leptin level: A meta-analysis

“…The second phase of training failed to induce further significant decline in leptin levels. Ten studies provided additional pre- and post-training adiponectin levels [ 32 , 33 , 36 , 38 , 40 , 41 , 44 , 45 , 48 , 49 ], 13 reported indicators of carbohydrate metabolism ( Table 2 ) [ 36 – 45 , 48 – 50 ], 11 reported training-induced BMI changes [ 35 , 36 , 39 – 45 , 49 , 50 ], a partially different subset of 11 studies described training-induced changes in fat mass [ 34 , 39 – 45 , 48 – 50 ]. From the 18 studies that investigated the effects of training on leptin levels [ 32 – 45 , 47 – 50 ] only 3 of them failed to detect significant effect [ 43 , 45 , 47 ].…”

“…Regarding gender, 6 studies reported data of men [ 36 , 40 , 41 , 43 , 44 , 46 ], 5 reported data of women [ 32 , 35 , 37 , 38 , 50 ], the remaining 8 merged data of men and women [ 33 , 34 , 39 , 42 , 45 , 47 – 49 ].…”

Changes of Serum Retinol Binding Protein 4 Levels Following 8 Weeks Moderate Aerobic Exercise

“…We did not measure inflammatory markers and cardiovascular risk factors. Previous studies demonstrated that RBP4 concentrations were associated with inflammatory markers such as C-reactive protein [17] and cardiovascular risk factors such as triglyceride [9] , total cholesterol [6] and low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol [6] . If we could measure these markers, we could carefully explain the changes of RBP4 concentrations in response to 8 weeks exercise training in female athletes.…”

Effects of psychotropic drugs on inflammation: consequence or mediator of therapeutic effects in psychiatric treatment?

“…Previous studies have provided evidence that mindfulness-based and cognitive-behavioural interventions can decrease both peripheral as well as stimulated pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-6 and TNF-α, along with decrease in stress, anxiety and depression scores (Zautra et al 2008;Lengacher et al 2012;Rosenkranz et al 2013). Similarly, evidence suggests that unhealthy dietary patterns contribute to pro-inflammatory as well as psychopathological phenotypes (Lucas et al 2014;André et al 2014), whilst exercise, calorie restriction or supplementation with omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids can decrease inflammation and improve mental well-being (Kiecolt-Glaser et al 2011;Numao et al 2012;MacDonald et al 2014;Cairns et al 2014). This literature review underlines the importance of appreciating the wider host of factors that can interact with inflammatory function when considering the possible therapeutic effects of psychotropic drugs via inflammatory modulation (Fig.…”