Effects of exercise training on gingival oxidative stress in obese rats

Abstract

Objective: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of exercise training on serum reactive oxygen species (ROS) level and gingival oxidative stress in obese rats fed a high-fat diet.Design: Rats were divided into three groups (n=14/group): one control group (fed a regular diet) and two experimental groups (fed a high-fat diet with and without exercise training [treadmill: 5 days/week]). The rats were sacrificed at 4 or 8 weeks. The level of serum reactive oxidative metabolites (ROM) was measured as an indicator of circulating ROS. The level of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and reduced-form glutathione (GSH)/oxidized-form glutathione (GSSG) ratio were determined to evaluate gingival oxidative stress. Results:The obese rats fed a high-fat diet without exercise training showed higher serum ROM levels [Carratelli Units (CARR U)] (mean ±SD; 413 ±64) than the control (333 ±12) at 4 weeks (p= 0.023). Such a condition resulted in higher 8-OHdG levels (ng/mg mtDNA) (0.97 ±0.18) (p< 0.05) and a lower GSH/GSSG ratio (17.0 ±3.1) (p< 0.05) in gingival tissues, compared to the control (0.55 ±0.13 for 8-OHdG and 23.6 ±5.8 for GSH/GSSG ratio) at 8 weeks. In addition, the obese rats fed a high-fat diet with exercise training showed lower serum ROM (623 ±103) (p< 0.001) and gingival 4 8-OHdG levels (0.69 ±0.17) (p= 0.012) than those without exercise training (1105 ±95 for ROM and 0.55 ±0.13 for 8-OHdG) at 8 weeks. Conclusions:Obesity prevention by exercise training may effectively suppress gingival oxidative stress by decreasing serum ROS in rats.

Glutathione levels in plasma, saliva and gingival crevicular fluid after periodontal therapy in obese and normal weight individuals

“… showed that the GSH/GSSG ratio in gingival tissues decreased in obese rats compared to lean rats. Similar results were reported in obese rats fed with a high‐fat diet without exercise training . It is suggested that local alterations in the redox balance and a systemic increase in ROS following obesity may induce gingival oxidative damage, and this may lead to progression of periodontal inflammation .…”

“…Similar results were reported in obese rats fed with a high‐fat diet without exercise training . It is suggested that local alterations in the redox balance and a systemic increase in ROS following obesity may induce gingival oxidative damage, and this may lead to progression of periodontal inflammation . However, to the best of our knowledge, no literature data are available that show the effect of obesity on glutathione values in patients with periodontitis.…”

Obesity and oxidative stress in patients with different periodontal status: a case–control study

“…This idea is supported by numerous previous studies that have assessed obesity as a state of ‘increased chronic oxidative stress’ . For example, one experimental animal study reported obesity to produce an exaggerated inflammatory response that was a contributing factor in periodontal tissue destruction of rats with experimental periodontitis , and two other studies with rats suggested that obesity can cause tissue to exhibit an exaggerated inflammatory response . Moreover, several studies have reported obesity to be associated with an increase in OS markers and a decrease in antioxidants, which could potentially increase the severity of tissue destruction caused by periodontal disease .…”

Relationship Between Normal Serum Creatinine Concentration and Periodontal Disease in Japanese Middle‐Aged Males

“…One study examining the relationship of obesity and physical fitness to periodontal disease showed that individuals with high physical fitness had a significantly lower risk for periodontal disease 27 . In an animal model, sedentary rats eating a high‐fat diet had greater body weight, more body fat, and gingival oxidative stress compared with sedentary rats eating a regular diet; exercise‐trained rats eating a high‐fat diet had equivalent body weight, less body fat, and the same level of gingival oxidative stress as control rats 28 . It has been shown that individuals who walk for ≥30 minutes ≥5 days/week had lower circulating interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α), and C‐reactive protein levels compared with individuals who engaged in less walking activity 29 .…”