Effects of Exercise on Density and Osmotic Fragility of Circulating Red Cells in Normal and Splenectomized Thoroughbred Horses.

Hanzawa, Kei; Kubo, Katsuyoshi; Kai, Makoto; Hiraga, Atsushi; Watanabe, Shinji

doi:10.1294/jes.10.67

Cited by 8 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 12 publications

(16 reference statements)

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“…The constant occurrence of HAEM-7 in this study implies that this peptide is relatively stable in equine plasma, in conformity with a similar finding in human plasma (Sanderson et al, 1996). The significant increase of plasma HAEM-7 in horses performing high-speed exercise, and no increase during the low-speed exercise, was probably in consequence of haemolysis induced during high-speed exercise, coincident with the suggestion by Hanzawa et al (1999b), that heavy exercise increases fragility of RBC, but light exercise decreases it.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

The Opioid Haemorphin‐7 in Horses During Low‐speed and High‐speed Treadmill Exercise to Fatigue

Collinder

Nyberg

Sanderson‐Nydahl

et al. 2005

Journal of Veterinary Medicine Series A

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The opioid neuropeptide haemorphin-7 was measured, by immunoreactivity, in Standardbred horses during low-speed (7 m/s) and high-speed (10 m/s) endurance exercises, lasting 49-58 and 12-16 min respectively. In parallel, heart rate, muscle temperature and plasma lactate concentrations were measured. The profile of the low-speed exercise showed significantly increased heart rate after 10 min [154 beats per minute (bpm)]. After the exercise, muscle temperature (42.1 degrees C) and plasma lactate (4.8 mmol/l) were significantly increased. The profile of the high-speed exercise was comparatively characterized by a higher increase of heart rate after 5 min (194 bpm) and higher increases of muscle temperature (43.2 degrees C) and lactate levels (15.8 mmol/l) after the exercise. The horses were probably exhausted by glycogen depletion in the low-speed exercise and by muscle pH decrease in the high-speed exercise. Haemorphin-7 increased significantly during the high-speed exercise (274.8 fmol/ml) but not during low speed (108.3 fmol/ml), coincident with the results of lactate. These results suggest that plasma haemorphin-7 is measurable in the horse by immunoreactivity, and that intense exercise stimulates release of this opioid. Such endogenous opioids are most likely involved in regulatory functions associated with pain, physical effort, inflammation, and blood pressure variation in horses, as have been established in other species.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

The Opioid Haemorphin‐7 in Horses During Low‐speed and High‐speed Treadmill Exercise to Fatigue

Collinder

Nyberg

Sanderson‐Nydahl

et al. 2005

Journal of Veterinary Medicine Series A

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“…We found red blood cell lysis in the lavage samples after higher work rates. Red blood cell lysis is frequently observed in blood samples from horses after intense exercise (Hanzawa et al 1997). The cell lysis in the lavage may also be due to trauma to red cells as they moved through the breaks in the capillary wall.…”

Section: Pulmonary Threshold For Haemorrhagementioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship of pulmonary arterial pressure to pulmonary haemorrhage in exercising horses

Langsetmo

Fedde

Meyer

et al. 2000

Equine Veterinary Journal

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Summary Exercise‐induced pulmonary haemorrhage (EIPH) is characterised by blood in the airways after strenuous exercise and results from stress failure of the pulmonary capillaries. The purpose of this experiment was to establish a threshold value of transmural pulmonary arterial pressure at which haemorrhage occurs in the exercising horse. Five geldings, age 4–14 years, were run in random order once every 2 weeks at 1 of 4 speeds (9, 11, 13, 15 m/s); one day with no run was used as a control. Heart rate, pulmonary arterial pressure and oesophageal pressure were recorded for the duration of the run. Transmural pulmonary arterial pressure was estimated by electronic subtraction of the oesophageal pressure from the intravascular pulmonary arterial pressure. Within 1 h of the run, bronchoalveolar lavage was performed and the red and white blood cells in the fluld were quantified. Red cell counts in the lavage fluid from horses running at 9, 11 and 13 m/s were not significantly different from the control value, but after runs at 15 m/s, red cell counts were significantly (P<0.05) higher. White cell counts were not different from control values at any speed. Analysis of red cell count vs. transmural pulmonary arterial pressure indicated that haemorrhage occurs at approximately 95 mmHg. Red cell lysis in the lavage fluid was also apparent at transmural pulmonary arterial pressures above 90 mmHg. We conclude that, in the exercising horse, a pulmonary arterial pressure threshold exists above which haemorrhage occurs, and that pressure is often exceeded during high speed sprint exercise.

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“…This finding might be due to the presence of erythrocytes released by the spleen following the physical effort of C3 course. Effectively, the stagnantly pooled erythrocytes in the spleen could accelerate membrane lipid alteration (Hanzawa et al, 1999b) that could mask the influence of PUFA on EOF.…”

Section: (Fl)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Increase in erythrocyte osmotic resistance following polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) supplementation in show jumper horses

et al. 2015

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Osmotic fragility test has been used to study the influence of different factors on the osmotic properties of cell membranes. Considering the importance of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in biological functions we aimed to investigate the effects of dietary PUFA supplementation on erythrocyte osmotic fragility (EOF), blood lactate (BL), hematocrit (Hct), red blood cell (RBC), hemoglobin (Hb), and mean cell volume (MCV) in 10 jumper horses. Two events occurred prior to start supplementing horse's diet and two events occurred after 4 weeks PUFA supplementation. Five horses received the PUFA supplementation (Group A), and five served as controls (Group B). Blood samples were taken before and after each course. The statistical analysis revealed significant increase in BL, Hct, RBC and Hb following exercise (P o0.0001). However, the interaction between exercise and PUFA supplementation (P¼ 0.0083) showed PUFA-supplemented horses having a smaller rise in BL levels (P¼ 0.0107) following exercise. Significant interactions between exercise and PUFA treatment were also found on EOF levels (Po 0.05). The hemolysis curves showed PUFA-supplemented horses exhibiting a reduction in EOF compared to controls (Po 0.05). Although hemolysis never occurred at 0.9% NaCl concentration, jumping exercise determined an increase in EOF (P¼ 0.0014) at 0.8% NaCl solution. A significant interaction between exercise and PUFA treatment (P¼ 0.0022) was found showing PUFA-supplemented horses having lower EOF (P ¼0.0015) following exercise. The assessment of EOF is a suitable indicator of athletic performance. The results showed that PUFA supplementation might exert beneficial effects on the horse body system by enhancing the performance in high-level show jumpers.

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Effects of Exercise on Density and Osmotic Fragility of Circulating Red Cells in Normal and Splenectomized Thoroughbred Horses.

Abstract: Changes in cell density and osmotic fragility of erythrocytes during exercise were determined in 3 control (Group C)

Cited by 8 publications

References 12 publications

The Opioid Haemorphin‐7 in Horses During Low‐speed and High‐speed Treadmill Exercise to Fatigue

The Opioid Haemorphin‐7 in Horses During Low‐speed and High‐speed Treadmill Exercise to Fatigue

Relationship of pulmonary arterial pressure to pulmonary haemorrhage in exercising horses

Increase in erythrocyte osmotic resistance following polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) supplementation in show jumper horses

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