Effects of Exercise Modality During Additional “High-Intensity Interval Training” on Aerobic Fitness and Strength in Powerlifting and Strongman Athletes

Androulakis-Korakakis, Patroklos; Langdown, Louis; Lewis, Adam; Fisher, James; Gentil, Paulo; Paoli, Antonio; Steele, James

doi:10.1519/jsc.0000000000001809

Cited by 14 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 53 publications

(31 reference statements)

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“…Indeed most comparisons have lacked parity in variables such as effort and duration. As noted, effort may be of importance and where this has been controlled between interventions (e.g., ‘high intensity interval training’ and high effort resistance training) , recent work suggests that there may be little difference in the adaptations produced ( Androulakis-Korakkakis et al, 2017 ; Álvarez et al, 2017 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Similar acute physiological responses from effort and duration matched leg press and recumbent cycling tasks

Steele

Butler

Comerford

et al. 2018

PeerJ

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The present study examined the effects of exercise utilising traditional resistance training (leg press) or ‘cardio’ exercise (recumbent cycle ergometry) modalities upon acute physiological responses. Nine healthy males underwent a within session randomised crossover design where they completed both the leg press and recumbent cycle ergometer conditions. Conditions were approximately matched for effort and duration (leg press: 4 × 12RM using a 2 s concentric and 3 s eccentric repetition duration controlled with a metronome, thus each set lasted 60 s; recumbent cycle ergometer: 4 × 60 s bouts using a resistance level permitting 80–100 rpm but culminating with being unable to sustain the minimum cadence for the final 5–10 s). Measurements included VO2, respiratory exchange ratio (RER), blood lactate, energy expenditure, muscle swelling, and electromyography. Perceived effort was similar between conditions and thus both were well matched with respect to effort. There were no significant effects by ‘condition’ in any of the physiological responses examined (all p > 0.05). The present study shows that, when both effort and duration are matched, resistance training (leg press) and ‘cardio’ exercise (recumbent cycle ergometry) may produce largely similar responses in VO2, RER, blood lactate, energy expenditure, muscle swelling, and electromyography. It therefore seems reasonable to suggest that both may offer a similar stimulus to produce chronic physiological adaptations in outcomes such as cardiorespiratory fitness, strength, and hypertrophy. Future work should look to both replicate the study conducted here with respect to the same, and additional physiological measures, and rigorously test the comparative efficacy of effort and duration matched exercise of differing modalities with respect to chronic improvements in physiological fitness.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Similar acute physiological responses from effort and duration matched leg press and recumbent cycling tasks

Steele

Butler

Comerford

et al. 2018

PeerJ

Self Cite

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“…Resistance training is typically performed with a relatively high effort (though not always) and with varying durations, and 'cardio' exercise is typically performed with a low to moderate effort and high durations. Yet a recent study has suggested that, when performed in an effort and duration matched manner, eight weeks additional resistance training mode (squats and deadlifts), or 'cardio' exercise mode (upright cycle ergometry) 'high intensity interval training' produces largely similar improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness and knee extension strength in powerlifting and strongman athletes (Androulakis- Korakkakis et al, 2017). Considering the highly trained nature of the population in that study, similar results might occur in an untrained population.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

“…Indeed most comparisons have lacked parity in variables such as effort and duration. As noted, effort may be of importance and where this has been controlled between interventions (e.g., 'high intensity interval training' and high effort resistance training), recent work suggests that there may be little difference in the adaptations produced (Androulakis- Korakkakis et al, 2017;Álvarez et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Similar acute physiological responses from effort and duration matched leg press and recumbent cycling tasks

Steele¹,

Butler²,

Comerford³

et al. 2018

Preprint

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“…However, with the planned decommissioning of the ISS in 2024 (the earliest point in time though it may continue past this date), and future goals of manned moon and Mars missions, 'engineering based' solutions to apply both traditional 'cardio' and resistance training exercise modalities inevitably present issues. These primarily relate to the mass, size, energy use, heat Post-print article published on 10/09/2019 (doi: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01150)all authors confirm they are happy to share this work 4 | P a g e production, and ultimately cost of devices. It is therefore necessary to identify exercise countermeasures to combat the losses in strength, power, muscle mass, and cardiorespiratory fitness whilst limiting these issues.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Comparisons of resistance training and ‘cardio’ exercise modalities as countermeasures to microgravity induced physical deconditioning: New perspectives and lessons learned from terrestrial studies

Steele¹,

Androulakis-Korakakis²,

Perrin³

et al. 2019

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Prolonged periods in microgravity (μG) environments result in deconditioning of numerous physiological systems, particularly muscle at molecular, single fiber, and whole muscle levels. This deconditioning leads to loss of strength and cardiorespiratory fitness. Loading muscle produces mechanical tension with resultant mechanotransduction initiating molecular signaling that stimulates adaptations in muscle. Exercise can reverse deconditioning resultant from phases of de-training, de-loading, or immobilization. On Earth, applications of loading using exercise models are common, as well as in μG settings as countermeasures to deconditioning. The primary modalities include, but are not limited to, aerobic training (or ‘cardio’) and resistance training, and have historically been dichotomized; the former primarily thought to improve cardiorespiratory fitness, and the latter primarily improving strength and muscle size. However, recent work questions this dichotomy, suggesting adaptations to loading through exercise are affected by intensity of effort independent of modality. Furthermore, similar adaptations may occur where sufficient intensity of effort is used. Traditional countermeasures for μG induced deconditioning have focused upon engineering based solutions to enable application of traditional models of exercise. Yet, contemporary developments in understanding of the applications, and subsequent adaptations, to exercise induced muscular loading in terrestrial settings have advanced such in recent years that it may be appropriate to revisit the evidence to inform how exercise can used in μG. With the planned decommissioning of the International Space Station as early as 2024 and future goals of manned moon and Mars missions, efficiency of resources must be prioritized. Engineering based solutions to apply exercise modalities inevitably present issues relating to devices mass, size, energy use, heat production, and ultimately cost. It is necessary to identify exercise countermeasures to combat deconditioning whilst limiting these issues. As such, this brief narrative review considers recent developments in our understanding of skeletal muscle adaptation to loading through exercise from studies conducted in terrestrial settings, and their applications in μG environments. We consider the role of intensity of effort, comparisons of exercise modalities and the need for concurrent exercise approaches, and other issues often not considered in terrestrial exercise studies but are of concern in μG environments (i.e. O2 consumption, CO2 production, and energy costs of exercise).

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Effects of Exercise Modality During Additional “High-Intensity Interval Training” on Aerobic Fitness and Strength in Powerlifting and Strongman Athletes

Cited by 14 publications

References 53 publications

Similar acute physiological responses from effort and duration matched leg press and recumbent cycling tasks

Similar acute physiological responses from effort and duration matched leg press and recumbent cycling tasks

Similar acute physiological responses from effort and duration matched leg press and recumbent cycling tasks

Comparisons of resistance training and ‘cardio’ exercise modalities as countermeasures to microgravity induced physical deconditioning: New perspectives and lessons learned from terrestrial studies

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