Effects of Exercise Intervention on Health-Related Physical Fitness and Blood Pressure in Preschool Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

García-Hermoso, António; Alonso‐Martínez, Alicia M.; Ramírez‐Vélez, Robinson; Izquierdo, Mikel

doi:10.1007/s40279-019-01191-w

Cited by 50 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…Health-related physical fitness comprises cardiorespiratory fitness, i.e., the ability to perform with the whole body for a prolonged period; flexibility, or the range of motion of a joint or group of joints; muscular strength, which indicates the maximum amount of force that a muscle can exert against any resistance on a short time; and muscular endurance, describing the ability of a muscle to sustain several contractions over a prolonged time [4]. Evidence of the value of physical fitness for youth's health is shown in several studies associating it with, among others, better cardiovascular function [5], movement skills [6], or weight status and obesity [7,8]. Regarding the psychological domain of health, psychological wellbeing is defined as the combination of positive effects and optimal social and personal efficiency [9]; self-esteem represents confidence in and respect of oneself; anxiety is characterized by a feeling of unease about situations with uncertain outcome; while stress is a psychophysical response when facing demanding or adverse environmental conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of a Game-Based Physical Education Program on Physical Fitness and Mental Health in Elementary School Children

Cocca

Verdugo

Cuenca

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Promotion of healthy active behaviors should start from early ages, as behaviors learned in youth are more likely to endure. A fundamental body of research in this field focuses on the implementation of programs within physical education (PE), thanks to its favorable characteristics. However, traditional PE based on exercise training and controlling styles seems to have weaker association with students’ health benefits. For this reason, the aim of this study was to assess the effects of a game-based PE program on physical fitness and psychological health in schoolchildren aged 10 to 12 years old. A total of 252 students were distributed in experimental (EG, games-centered activities) and control (CG, traditional exercise training activities) groups. The program lasted 6 months. Health-related physical fitness components, psychological wellbeing, self-esteem, stress, and anxiety were assessed before and after the treatment. Both groups increased physical fitness at post-test; however, cardiorespiratory fitness did not improve. No differences were found between the groups at post-test. Our results show that games may be as effective as traditional training methods; yet, they suggest that PE alone may be insufficient for obtaining substantive benefits in cardiorespiratory fitness, regardless of the type of task presented.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of a Game-Based Physical Education Program on Physical Fitness and Mental Health in Elementary School Children

Cocca

Verdugo

Cuenca

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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“…Physical fitness also has a positive effect on a wide range of psychological indicators (depression, cognition, social and sports competence, and self-esteem) [ 3 ]. Moreover, preschool children who regularly participate in physical activity have long-term benefits for physical and psychological well-being [ 4 ]. Therefore, the consistent monitoring of the level of physical fitness of individuals should be a priority for public health [ 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, the consistent monitoring of the level of physical fitness of individuals should be a priority for public health [ 5 ]. Accordingly, exercise programs with the aim of improving physical fitness in children and, consequently, improving their health are needed [ 4 ]. Unfortunately, there are limited data on preschool-aged children.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, studies that have investigated the importance of physical fitness and the effects of different exercise programs on it in preschool children showed different results, mostly due to large variability in quality and the used methods. A novel meta-analysis (19 studies) showed that physical exercise, whether combined or not with diet, has a small effect on physical fitness in preschoolers [ 4 ]. Therefore, exercise programs with different activities and with vigorous intensity at young ages could be one of the solutions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nine Months of a Structured Multisport Program Improve Physical Fitness in Preschool Children: A Quasi-Experimental Study

Popović

Cvetković

Mačak

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Research in preschool children that investigates the impact of different exercise interventions on physical fitness is limited. This pre–post study was aimed at determining if participation in a nine-month structured multisport program (MSG; n = 38) could enhance physical fitness components compared to a formal exercise program (control group (CG); n = 36) among preschool children. Physical fitness was assessed using standardized tests (the standing long jump, sit and reach, 20 m sprint, sit-ups for 30 s, bent-arm hang, medicine ball throw (MBT), grip strength, 4 × 10 m shuttle run, and 20 m shuttle run tests). The structured multisport program involved fundamental/gross and fine motor skills and ball game-based exercises twice a week. The control group was free of any programmed exercise except for the obligatory program in kindergartens. A mixed ANOVA demonstrated significant group-by-time interaction effects for the 4 × 10 m shuttle run, standing long jump, sit-ups, bent-arm hang, grip strength, and sit and reach tests (p < 0.05). There was no significant group-by-time interaction effect for the 20 m sprint test (p = 0.794) or for the 20 m shuttle run test (p = 0.549). Moreover, the MSG and CG performance in the MBT and 20 m shuttle run tests improved to a similar extent from pre- to post-test. Our results indicate that compared to the formal plan, the structured multisport program led to a sustained improvement in physical fitness in healthy 5-to-6-year old children.

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“…It is well known that being physically active and having higher levels of cardiorespiratory fitness benefit health, functional ability, quality of life, and longevity [16,17]. Furthermore, a recent metaanalysis showed that children who participated in exercise interventions presented significant reductions in BMI, waist circumference, and %FM as well as increases in cardiorespiratory fitness, lower-body strength, and speed-agility compared to controls [18]. Additionally, adolescents who are physically active present higher levels of cardiovascular fitness, a better blood lipid profile, and lower body adiposity [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phase Angle is Determined by Body Composition and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Adolescents

et al. 2020

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The phase angle is used to evaluate nutritional status and is an indicator of cellular health. Cardiorespiratory fitness and body composition are strong indicators of health during adolescence. We aimed to evaluate if body composition and cardiorespiratory fitness have an association with phase angle among adolescents. 203 girls and 220 boys (12.8±1.3 years) were evaluated. Peak height velocity, percentage fat mass, fat-free mass, cardiorespiratory fitness, and phase angle measurements were collected. Linear regression adjusted by peak height velocity was used to verify if predictor variables were associated with phase angle among adolescents. Phase angle showed correlation with fat-free mass (girls: r=0.42 and boys: r=0.37); with percent fat mass (girls: r=0.23); and with cardiorespiratory fitness (boys: r=0.19). Linear regression showed that percentage fat mass (in girls) and cardiorespiratory fitness (in boys) had an effect of 11 and 17% in phase angle, respectively, while fat-free mass had an effect of 22 and 26% in phase angle for girls and boys, respectively. Changes in phase angle seem to be more associated with the percentage fat mass in girls, cardiorespiratory fitness in boys, and fat-free mass in both when controlled by peak height velocity.

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Effects of Exercise Intervention on Health-Related Physical Fitness and Blood Pressure in Preschool Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Abstract: Effects of exercise intervention on health-related physical fitness and blood pressure in preschool children: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Cited by 50 publications

References 61 publications

Effect of a Game-Based Physical Education Program on Physical Fitness and Mental Health in Elementary School Children

Effect of a Game-Based Physical Education Program on Physical Fitness and Mental Health in Elementary School Children

Nine Months of a Structured Multisport Program Improve Physical Fitness in Preschool Children: A Quasi-Experimental Study

Phase Angle is Determined by Body Composition and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Adolescents

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