Effects of exercise and whey protein on muscle mass, fat mass, myoelectrical muscle fatigue and health-related quality of life in older adults: a secondary analysis of the Liverpool Hope University—Sarcopenia Ageing Trial (LHU-SAT)

Abstract

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A clinical guide to the pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment of osteosarcopenia

“…Cross-sectional studies also demonstrate the benefits of RE on attenuating age-related losses of muscle and bone mass [27] and increases in adiposity [50]. Clinical trials in osteopenic/sarcopenic individuals offer further evidence that RE can improve multiple musculoskeletal health outcomes as well as quality of life [25,26], while others show a positive association between physical activity and reductions in falls and fractures [51,52]. A recent Cochrane review also found that a combination of resistance, balance and functional exercise was the most effective at combatting falls in community-dwelling older adults [52]; however, strategies to improve adherence rates are still needed.…”

“…Muscle and bone are also highly malleable tissues and respond similarly to environmental stimuli. Following prolonged physical loading, significant increases in muscle mass, strength and physical functioning [25,26], as well as bone density and microarchitecture are evident [27]. In periods of bed rest/disuse, the opposite occurs with rapid declines in muscle mass and function and slower declines in bone density [28].…”

Nutritional Intervention to Prevent the Functional Decline in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Systematic Review

“…Kirk et al randomized untrained subjects to a 16-week combined physical and nutritional intervention, consisting of resistance and functional exercise plus a leucine-enriched whey protein supplement to achieve 1.5 g/kg/day of proteins, a physical or nutritional intervention alone, or no treatment [31,32]. A significant improvement in muscle strength and physical performance was noted in combined physical and nutritional groups, and in physical groups alone.…”

A Call to Action: Now Is the Time to Screen Elderly and Treat Osteosarcopenia, a Position Paper of the Italian College of Academic Nutritionists MED/49 (ICAN-49)

“…Although in some publications, the quality of evidence is not high, a number of systematic reviews and meta-analyses have shown several positive effects of nutritional and exercise interventions for treating sarcopenia in older people [152][153][154][155][156][157][158][159][160][161][162][163].…”

“…A recent review [176], which summarized the results from 12 RCTs, concluded that the combination of whey protein with exercise improves muscle mass quantity, quality as well as physical performance [152][153][154][155][156][157][158][159][160][161][162][163]177]. However, it is difficult to establish from these studies what the exact contribution of whey is.…”