Effects of evaporation and melting on nonstoichiometry and inhomogeneity of LiInSe2 crystals

Nonlinear LiBIIICYI2 crystals for mid-IR and far-IR: Novel aspects in crystal growth

“…A detailed study of composition changes in many LiInSe 2 samples has been carried out in Ref. [22] using a precise analysis of both vapor and remainder. A balance matrix with distribution of Li, In and Se elements between equilibrium solid-liquid-vapor phases provided support for an incongruent evaporation of LiInSe 2 due to a preferable evaporation of the In 2 Se 3 component and a shift of the melt composition to the Li 2 Se side.…”

“…The analysis was carried out only for samples of the Li 2 Se-In 2 Se 3 system [22], and the work with other systems is in progress. We suppose that the summarizing conclusions may be extended upon all systems under examination taking into account the experimental data in Refs.…”

Scintillation properties of semiconducting 6LiInSe2 crystals to ionizing radiation

“…First reported to structurally exist by Hoppe, LiInSe 2 crystal growth has been extensively studied for applications in photonics [7][8][9][10][11]. The technical procedure for crystal growth incorporating uniform media requirements is demanding due to the corrosive nature of lithium and relatively high vapor pressure of its constituents at high temperatures, introducing purity and secondary phase production concerns [12,13]. In addition, these crystals often exhibit distinguishable variations in color and impurity content; previously published efforts have also demonstrated this common observation in LiInSe 2 samples [14][15][16].…”

Origin of the solid solution in the LiInSe 2 –In 2 Se 3 system

“…In this case, chemical analysis serves as an important indicator of the changes. The origin of compositional change in the stoichiometric melt was studied previously in several papers [2,8,14,17,18]. The change results from thermal dissociation, incongruent evaporation and the side interaction effect of the Li-containing melt and vapor with the graphite container and silica reactor.…”

“…Special approaches and experimental procedures are developed to detect even small fluctuations of stoichiograms and interpret them correctly [11][12][13]. A detailed description of the experimental procedure of differential dissolution analysis to be applied to analysis of the LiBC 2 crystals is reported in [11,14,15].…”