Effects of Ethephon on Fresh In‐Husk Walnut Preservation and its Possible Relationship with Phenol Metabolism

Wang, Jin; Liang, Shuangjie; Ma, Hui; Zhang, Pingping; Shi, Weina

doi:10.1111/1750-3841.13370

Cited by 25 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Nowadays, consuming walnuts in fresh form is becoming more common due to their superior flavor, higher Vitamin E, polyphenol and antioxidant content compared to walnuts in dried form [ 8 , 9 , 10 ]. However, fresh walnuts have a very short shelf life due to their high moisture content and perishable characteristics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiochemical Responses of the Kernel Quality, Total Phenols and Antioxidant Enzymes of Walnut in Different Forms to the Low-Temperature Storage

Wang

Liu

et al. 2021

Foods

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Fresh walnut is obtaining high attention due to its pleasant taste and health benefits. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of storage temperatures (0 °C and −20 °C) on the kernel quality, total phenols, and antioxidant enzyme activities of walnuts in three forms (fresh kernels, walnuts with green husk, and walnuts with shell). For a short storage within 3 months at 0 °C, the results revealed that walnuts with green husk provided a better walnut kernel quality resulting from its lower acid value and peroxide value, together with a higher total phenol content and total antioxidant activity, compared with other forms of walnuts. In comparison, frozen storage at −20 °C for a long duration (up to 10 months), found that walnuts with shell showed advantages in improving the kernel quality (fatty acid content, total phenols, and total antioxidant activity) and antioxidant enzyme (peroxidase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase) activities in the kernels, leading to an acceptable range of acid value and peroxide value, compared with other forms of walnuts. Thus, frozen storage at −20 °C showed a potential application in maintaining the walnut kernel quality, especially the walnuts with shell.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiochemical Responses of the Kernel Quality, Total Phenols and Antioxidant Enzymes of Walnut in Different Forms to the Low-Temperature Storage

Wang

Liu

et al. 2021

Foods

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“…Ethephon can enhance the performance of maize plant under drought stress by regulating cuticular wax synthesis to preserve water status and stability of membrane for plant growth . Ethephon treatment can extend storage life and maintain the kernel quality of fresh in‐husk walnuts by manipulating phenolic metabolism …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulatory effects of Saussurea lappa root aqueous extract against ethephon‐induced kidney toxicity in male rats

Tousson

El-Atrsh

Mansour

et al. 2019

Environmental Toxicology

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Ethephon (2‐chloroethyl phosphonic acid) is a plant growth promoter used to control the plant growth process by liberating ethylene and stimulating the production of endogenous ethylene. Medicinal plants are sources of novel drug discovery targets. Costus (Saussurea lappa) has been used as traditional Chinese medicine. The current study was conducted to examine the possible modifying effects of costus (S. lappa) root aqueous extract against kidney toxicity induced by ethephon in male rats. A total of 50 adult male rats were divided into five groups (first, control; second, costus; third, ethephon; fourth, posttreated ethephon with costus; fifth, ethephon self‐healing). There is a significant increase in the serum levels of urea, creatinine, potassium ions, chloride ions, kidney injury, DNA damage, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen expressions in treated rats with ethephon when compared to the control group. In contrast, the treated rats with ethephon revealed a significant decrease in the levels of sodium ions and an insignificant decrease in the calcium ions. Saussurea lappa extract modified these alterations when compared to the control group. As a result, costus root extract significantly reduced rat kidney toxicity after ethephon administration. We recommend costus to be included in diet for its valuable effects, and also producers and consumers should become more aware about the toxic effects of ethephon.

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“…About 0.5 g frozen J. regia hull samples (“Qingxiang”) were ground in 50 mM phosphate buffer (pH 6.8, 4°C pre-chilled) and volumed up to 6 ml. The mixture was centrifuged at 10,000 × g , 4°C, for 20 min to obtain a crude PPO enzyme solution ( Wang J. et al, 2016 ). The Amicon® Ultra-0.5 Centrifugal Filter Devices (Merckmillipore) 8 were used to concentrate the protein solution.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to previous methods, the crude PPO enzyme solution obtained was also used to assay the activity of the enzyme with the spectrophotometer method according to previous methods ( Wang J. et al, 2016 ; Li H. et al, 2017 ). Taking 0.1 change of OD 420 per minute as 1 PPO activity unit (U).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Efficient Virus-Induced Gene Silencing System for Functional Genomics Research in Walnut (Juglans regia L.) Fruits

et al. 2021

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The Persian walnut (Juglans regia L.) is a leading source of woody oil in warm temperate regions and has high nutritional and medicinal values. It also provides both tree nuts and woody products. Nevertheless, incomplete characterization of the walnut genetic system limits the walnut gene function analysis. This study used the tobacco rattle virus (TRV) vector to construct an infectious pTRV-JrPDS recombinant clone. A co-culture inoculation method utilizing Agrobacterium was screened out from four inoculation methods and optimized to set up an efficient virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) system for J. regia fruit. The optimized VIGS-TRV system induced complete photobleaching phenotype on the walnut fruits of four cultivars, and the JrPDS transcript levels decreased by up to 88% at 8 days post-inoculation (dpi). While those of browning-related J. regia polyphenol oxidase (PPO) genes JrPPO1 and JrPPO2 decreased by 67 and 80% at 8 dpi, respectively, accompanied by a significant reduction in fruit browning phenotype. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis screening and Western Blot showed that the PPO protein levels were significantly reduced. Moreover, a model of TRV-mediated VIGS system for inoculating J. regia fruit with efficient silence efficiency via co-culture was developed. These results indicate that the VIGS-TRV system is an efficient tool for rapid gene function analysis in J. regia fruits.

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Effects of Ethephon on Fresh In‐Husk Walnut Preservation and its Possible Relationship with Phenol Metabolism

Cited by 25 publications

References 35 publications

Physiochemical Responses of the Kernel Quality, Total Phenols and Antioxidant Enzymes of Walnut in Different Forms to the Low-Temperature Storage

Physiochemical Responses of the Kernel Quality, Total Phenols and Antioxidant Enzymes of Walnut in Different Forms to the Low-Temperature Storage

Modulatory effects of Saussurea lappa root aqueous extract against ethephon‐induced kidney toxicity in male rats

An Efficient Virus-Induced Gene Silencing System for Functional Genomics Research in Walnut (Juglans regia L.) Fruits

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