Effects of ethanol, naltrexone, nicotine and varenicline in an ethanol and nicotine co-use model in Sprague-Dawley rats

Assessment of ethanol and nicotine interactions using a reinforcer demand modeling with grouped and individual levels of analyses in a long-access self-administration model using male rats

“…These discrepancies may arise from the diverse methodologies used to gather relevant data. For instance, some studies depend on noncontingent modes of ethanol delivery, such as bottle or vapor ( Potthoff et al, 1983 ; Smith et al, 1999 ; Marshall et al, 2003 ; Lallemand et al, 2007 ; Chandler et al, 2020 ), while others employ contingent operant protocols for self-administration of ethanol ( Doyon et al, 2013 ; Deehan et al, 2015 ; Lárraga et al, 2017 ; Barrett et al, 2020 ). Variations also exist in nicotine administration across these studies.…”

“…Some studies utilized noncontingent consumption through drinking solutions ( Potthoff et al, 1983 ; Marshall et al, 2003 ; Lallemand et al, 2007 ), others used contingent consumption ( Deehan et al, 2015 ), or noncontingent systemic injections ( Smith et al, 1999 ; Doyon et al, 2013 ; Barrett et al, 2020 ). Still, others relied on contingent intravenous self-administration protocols ( Lárraga et al, 2017 ; Chandler et al, 2020 ). These preclinical studies present mixed results, with some suggesting that nicotine enhances the reinforcing effects of alcohol ( Smith et al, 1999 ; Marshall et al, 2003 ; Lallemand et al, 2007 ; Doyon et al, 2013 ; Lárraga et al, 2017 ; Barrett et al, 2020 ), while others show no significant effect ( Marshall et al, 2003 ; Deehan et al, 2015 ; Chandler et al, 2020 ).…”

Assessment of ethanol and nicotine interactions using a reinforcer demand modeling with grouped and individual levels of analyses in a long-access self-administration model using male rats

“…Some of the variability in the preclinical studies likely stems from variability in methodological approaches to sample relevant data. For example, some studies rely on noncontingent (bottle or vapor) ethanol delivery (Chandler et al, 2020; Lallemand et al, 2007; Marshall et al, 2003; Potthoff et al, 1983; Smith et al, 1999), while others utilize contingent operant protocols for ethanol self-administration (Barrett et al, 2020; Deehan et al, 2015; Doyon et al, 2013; Lárraga et al, 2017). Likewise, nicotine administration in those previous studies also varied with nicotine consumed noncontingently through drinking solutions (Lallemand et al, 2007; Marshall et al, 2003; Potthoff et al, 1983), contingently through drinking solutions (Deehan et al, 2015), noncontingently using systemic injections (Barrett et al, 2020; Doyon et al, 2013; Smith et al, 1999), or contingently using intravenous self-administration protocols (Chandler et al, 2020; Lárraga et al, 2017).…”

“…For example, some studies rely on noncontingent (bottle or vapor) ethanol delivery (Chandler et al, 2020; Lallemand et al, 2007; Marshall et al, 2003; Potthoff et al, 1983; Smith et al, 1999), while others utilize contingent operant protocols for ethanol self-administration (Barrett et al, 2020; Deehan et al, 2015; Doyon et al, 2013; Lárraga et al, 2017). Likewise, nicotine administration in those previous studies also varied with nicotine consumed noncontingently through drinking solutions (Lallemand et al, 2007; Marshall et al, 2003; Potthoff et al, 1983), contingently through drinking solutions (Deehan et al, 2015), noncontingently using systemic injections (Barrett et al, 2020; Doyon et al, 2013; Smith et al, 1999), or contingently using intravenous self-administration protocols (Chandler et al, 2020; Lárraga et al, 2017). Some of these preclinical studies show that nicotine increases the reinforcing effects of ethanol (Barrett et al, 2020; Doyon et al, 2013; Lallemand et al, 2007; Lárraga et al, 2017; Marshall et al, 2003; Smith et al, 1999) while others show no effect (Chandler et al, 2020; Deehan et al, 2015; Marshall et al, 2003).…”

“…Likewise, nicotine administration in those previous studies also varied with nicotine consumed noncontingently through drinking solutions (Lallemand et al, 2007; Marshall et al, 2003; Potthoff et al, 1983), contingently through drinking solutions (Deehan et al, 2015), noncontingently using systemic injections (Barrett et al, 2020; Doyon et al, 2013; Smith et al, 1999), or contingently using intravenous self-administration protocols (Chandler et al, 2020; Lárraga et al, 2017). Some of these preclinical studies show that nicotine increases the reinforcing effects of ethanol (Barrett et al, 2020; Doyon et al, 2013; Lallemand et al, 2007; Lárraga et al, 2017; Marshall et al, 2003; Smith et al, 1999) while others show no effect (Chandler et al, 2020; Deehan et al, 2015; Marshall et al, 2003). Importantly, in the two studies where nicotine and ethanol were both self-administered by rats, both substances were delivered simultaneously either in an oral solution (Deehan et al, 2015) or through an intravenous infusion (Lárraga et al, 2017).…”