Effects of Erosive, Cariogenic or Combined Erosive/Cariogenic Challenges on Human Enamel

Abstract

Individuals with cariogenic diet can also consume erosive beverages. Thus, it seems necessary to investigate a possible caries/erosion interaction. To test in situ/ex vivo a combination of these challenges, 11 subjects wore intraoral appliances containing four enamel blocks randomly assigned. In the first 2-week phase, the appliances were immersed in a cola drink 3 times/day. Two blocks were free of plaque (erosion only: EO) and two blocks were covered with plaque (erosion + plaque: EP). In the second 2-week phase, four new blocks were all covered with plaque and subjected to a sucrose solution 8 times/day. Among the four new blocks, two were also subjected to the cola drink 3 times/day (erosion + caries: EC) while the other two were not (caries only: CO). Thus, in EO, the specimens were fixed at the intraoral appliance level. In EP, EC and CO they were fixed 1.0 mm under the appliance level and covered with plastic meshes for dental plaque accumulation. Changes in wear and hardness were measured. Data were tested using ANOVA and Tukey’s test (p < 0.05). Mean values of wear (µm) and change in hardness (kp/mm²) were: EO 4.82/310; EP 0.14/48; EC 0.34/245; CO 0.42/309. With respect to surface softening, EP and EC differed significantly from each other and from EO and CO, which did not differ significantly. EO presented significantly higher wear than the other groups. The data suggest that the presence of dental plaque can decrease the acid attack of an erosive drink and the association of erosive and cariogenic challenges showed less enamel alterations when compared to erosive or cariogenic challenges only.

AmF/NaF/SnCl2 solution reduces in situ enamel erosion – profilometry and cross-sectional nanoindentation analysis

“…1,8,10,11,16,23,24 The in situ study design here using two erosive challenges per day (0.65% citric acid, pH 3.6) appears relatively slight but should reflect situations that can occur in patients with incipient erosion (2.7 μm -4.8 μm). [25][26][27] As expected, in the present study, the profilometric analysis showed that the lowest tissue loss was observed in the fluoride-treated group (AmF/NaF/SnCl 2 solution containing 500 ppm F -, 800 ppm Sn 2+ , pH = 4.5) compared to the control group. The tin-containing solution was effective in inhibiting enamel surface loss in other in vitro 4,5,[28][29][30] and in situ 16,31 studies.…”

Influence of Erosive and Abrasive Cycling on Bonding of Different Adhesive Systems to Enamel: An In situ Study

“…Each of the eight volunteers, worn their palatal devices containing 8 specimens, which were divided into four pairs as shown in Figure 1 and subjected to the challenges as described in Table 1. They were carried out extra orally in a single stage with the aid of a device made with Ethylene Vinyl Acetate (EVA) in accordance to Honorio et al (14), to delimit the area that would be eroded or/and abraded. The experiment was conducted in three phases in a crossover design.…”

“…Saliva may minimize the impact of theses challenges as well due to its properties of buffering capacity and ability do neutralize acidic products (3,(12)(13)(14). Even previous studies evidenced actual changes on enamel surface; the preconditioning with phosphoric acid would be enough to promote a reactive surface for bonding process, without the indication of roughening and allowing a more conservative approach (22).…”

Prevalence of Dental Erosion in a Group of Schoolchildren from Benghazi, Libya

“…Several studies offered a better understanding of tooth wear and dental erosion and their potential risk factors. These published studies include in vitro and in situ studies [27][28][29][30][31][32][33], case-control studies [34][35][36][37], cross-sectional studies [38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46] and longitudinal studies [47][48][49]. The main aims of these studies were assessment of the prevalence of dental erosion or tooth wear and recognition of possible factors associated with its development and progression.…”