Effects of epoxidized natural rubber as a compatibilizer in melt compounded natural rubber–organoclay nanocomposites

Teh, Pei Leng; Ishak, Z. A. Mohd; Hashim, Azanam S.; Karger‐Kocsis, J.; Ishiaku, U. S.

doi:10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2004.06.025

Cited by 265 publications

(173 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…2 phr of OC (Mt/octadecyltrimethylamine) in an NR/ENR blend (10 phr ENR50) gave an increase of both strain and stress at break values [109] (Teh et al, 2004).…”

Section: The Improvement Of Rubber Mechanical Properties Thanks To Thmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rubber Clay Nanocomposites

Galimberti¹

2012

Advanced Elastomers - Technology, Properties and Applications

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“…2 phr of OC (Mt/octadecyltrimethylamine) in an NR/ENR blend (10 phr ENR50) gave an increase of both strain and stress at break values [109] (Teh et al, 2004).…”

Section: The Improvement Of Rubber Mechanical Properties Thanks To Thmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rubber Clay Nanocomposites

Galimberti¹

2012

Advanced Elastomers - Technology, Properties and Applications

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“…On the other hand, NR vulcanizates with the typical MgO illustrated limited vulcanizates extension. The size of the MgO was presumed to be one of a factor that restricted the extensibility of the vulcanizates to elongate, hence causing a breakage at relatively small deformation [17]. The physical properties of the NR vulcanizates, which contained different type of activator at varied loadings, were listed in Table II.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating Performance of Magnesium Oxide at Different Sizes as Activator for Natural Rubber Vulcanization

2016

IJACEBS

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Abstract-It is generally known that activator containing zinc-compounds has been extensively used in the rubber industry due to its outstanding ability in promoting beneficial effects to the rubber products. Ever since these compounds were identified having negative environmental effects as well as contributing to mould fouling during rubber products manufacturing, various approaches have been considered by the rubber manufacturers in reducing its utilization. Among all the alternatives proposed, an approach of utilizing magnesium oxide (MgO) seems to be promising. A lot of research has been conducted on the performance of the typical MgO in affecting natural rubber (NR) vulcanizates, but limited works had been performed in evaluating the activating properties of the nano-sized MgO in NR. Therefore, in this study, affects MgO sizes at various loadings on the vulcanization reaction and vulcanizates properties of NR are investigated. The normally used zinc-containing compound was employed as an activator in the vulcanization of NR for comparison purposes. Gauging on the cure characteristics, it was found that nano-sized MgO performed better; as it exhibited faster onset time, lower cure time (t 90 ) with greater physical properties, as compared to the typical MgO. Morphological observations on images taken from scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) analysis demonstrated that nano-sized MgO appeared in smaller aggregates with even aggregates distributions throughout the rubber matrix, in comparison to the aggregates behavior of the typical MgO. The aggregates for both sizes of MgO particles were found intensified with higher amount of MgO present in the vulcanization system, which accounted for reversion in the NR vulcanizate performances. Although the overall performance of the nano-sized MgO in NR vulcanization surpassed the typical MgO used in the similar discipline; nevertheless, the findings obtained were to some extent lower in comparison to the NR vulcanizate performance containing normally used zinc-containing compound. On the whole, MgO has some ways behaved as the zinc-containing compound, but the role of the MgO as an alternative activator for NR vulcanization should be further investigated, specifically for the nano-sized MgO in enhancing its reactivity within the NR compounds.

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“…KAE 26% mol memiliki parameter kelarutan sebesar 17,4 MPa 1/2 dan KAE 48% mol memiliki parameter kelarutan sebesar 18,2 MPa 1/2 (Gelling, 1991 (Kongsin & Lewan, 1998;Thomas et al, 2012). Penggunaan KAE sebagai kompatibiliser juga telah dilakukan pada campuran KA/ NBR (Onyeagoro, 2012) dan KA/etilena vinil asetat (EVA) (Yong et al, 2007), komposit NBRnanoclay (Rajasekar et al, 2009) dan nanokomposit KA-organoclay (Teh et al, 2004). Beberapa penelitian terdahulu menunjukkan bahwa penambahan kompatibiliser dapat meningkatkan sifat mekanis dan ketahanan minyak campuran KA/ NBR serta mempercepat waktu pemasakan vulkanisat (Thomas et al, 2012) dan komposit (Rajasekar et al, 2009), namun belum ada informasi mengenai ketahanan campuran tersebut di dalam n-pentana.…”

Section: Pendahuluanunclassified

“…Sedangkan reaksi epoksidasi pada KAE mengubah ikatan rangkap menjadi ikatan oksiran, dimana dengan berkurangnya jumlah ikatan rangkap tersebut menurunkan kemungkinan KAE berikatan silang dengan bahan pemvulkanisasi. Teh et al (2004) menjelaskan bahwa gugus epoksi kemungkinan berikatan silang dengan gugus amina penggiat (ZnO dan asam stearat). Sedangkan torsi minimum menunjukkan viskositas vulkanisat karet (Marković, 2013).…”

Section: Hasil Dan Pembahasan Karakterisasi Pematanganunclassified

“…Ketahanan vulkanisat BKAE terhadap n-pentana meningkat seiring kandungan epoksinya. Semakin besar kandungan epoksinya maka kepolarannya semakin besar pula (Tanrattanakul et al, 2003;Teh et al, 2004). Hasil pengujian tersebut didukung pula dari persentase molar serapan n-pentana per gram vulkanisat campuran KA/NBR tanpa dan dengan kompatibiliser CR atau KAE pada Gambar 4.…”

Section: Ketahanan N-pentana Vulkanisatunclassified

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Ketahanan n-pentana dan sifat mekanis vulkanisat karet perapat dari campuran karet alam/akrilonitril-butadiena dengan kompatibiliser

Kinasih

Fathurrohman

2016

MKKP

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The improvement of the compatibility of natural rubber (NR)/acrilonitrile-butadiene rubber (NBR) blend on rubber seal vulcanizate has been done by the addition of chloroprene rubber (CR) or epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) as compatibilizer. Rubber seal compound was made of NR and NBR blend (BN) with CR (BCR), and ENR with epoxy content of 10% (BENR10), 20% (BENR20), 30% (BENR30), 40% (BENR40), and 50% (BENR50 ABSTRAKPeningkatan kompatibilitas pencampuran karet alam (KA) dan akrilonitril-butadiena (NBR) pada vulkanisat karet perapat dilakukan dengan menambahkan kompatibiliser karet kloroprena (CR) atau karet alam epoksidasi (KAE). Kompon karet perapat dibuat dari campuran KA dan NBR (BN) dengan kompatibiliser CR (BCR) dan KAE dengan kandungan epoksi 10% (BKAE10), 20% (BKAE20), 30% (BKAE30), 40% (BKAE40), dan 50% (BKAE50). Komposisi pada masing-masing formula diseragamkan dengan perbandingan KA:NBR sebesar 40:60 dan KA:kompatibiliser:NBR sebesar 40:5:55. Kompon divulkanisasi dengan sistem efisien pada suhu 150 0 C. Penambahan kompatibiliser CR memperbaiki karakteristik pematangan, pampatan tetap, dan ketahanan n-pentana vulkanisat KA/NBR (BN). Sedangkan penambahan kompatibiliser KAE memperbaiki sifat elastis vulkanisat. Keelastisan dan ketahanan n-pentana BKAE meningkat seiiring kandungan epoksi KAE.Kata kunci: karet perapat, kompatibiliser, ketahanan n-pentana, sifat mekanis. PENDAHULUANKaret perapat (rubber seal) pada tabung gas liquified petroleum gas (LPG) dipasang untuk mencegah terjadinya kebocoran gas pada waktu pengisian atau penggunaan tabung LPG serta memperkuat kedudukan regulator. Pada pembuatan produk karet perapat, bahan baku karet yang digunakan harus tahan terhadap gas LPG. Pada SNI karet perapat (SNI 7655:2010), ketahanan karet terhadap gas LPG didekati melalui pengujian ketahanan karet terhadap pelarut non polar n-pentana. Salah satu alternatif bahan baku pembuatan karet perapat adalah karet akrilonitril butadiena (NBR). NBR memiliki ketahanan yang baik terhadap oli

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Effects of epoxidized natural rubber as a compatibilizer in melt compounded natural rubber–organoclay nanocomposites

Cited by 265 publications

References 23 publications

Rubber Clay Nanocomposites

Rubber Clay Nanocomposites

Evaluating Performance of Magnesium Oxide at Different Sizes as Activator for Natural Rubber Vulcanization

Ketahanan n-pentana dan sifat mekanis vulkanisat karet perapat dari campuran karet alam/akrilonitril-butadiena dengan kompatibiliser

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