Effects of Environmental Stress on Marine Bivalve Molluscs

Akberali, Hassan B.; Trueman, E. R.

doi:10.1016/s0065-2881(08)60051-6

Cited by 86 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 203 publications

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“…Many bivalve species have been shown to withstand periods of shell closure and the resultant lack of oxygen by utilization of anaerobic metabolism. The switch from aerobic to anaerobic respiration in bivalves normally occurs when the oxygen tension of the mantle cavity fluid falls to low levels after valve closure (Akberali & Trueman 1985). Measurements of the oxygen in extrapallial fluid of the clam Mercenaria (Crenshaw 1972) revealed that it became completely anaerobic within 25 min of shell closure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen excretion by the surf zone bivalves Donax serra and D. sordidus

Cockcroft¹

1990

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Nitrogen excretion by 2 surf zone bivalves, Donax serra and D, sordidus, was determined under laboratory and field conditions. Comparison of the forms of nitrogen excreted revealed only slight differences between species, with ammonia and amino acids constituting 70 to 78 YO and 21 to 30 % of total dissolved nitrogen (TDN) respectively. During exposure at low tide, ammonia accumulated in D. serra mantle cavity f l u d at 1 to 10 % of the immersed excretion rates. On re-immersion, an initial uptake of ammonia was recorded with subsequent recovery to peak excretion rates within 2 h. Mass significantly influenced rate of ammonia excretion in both species. The effect of temperature on ammonia excretion rates is reflected in Qlo values of 2.2 (D. serra) and 2.3 (D. sordidus) for starved sand-mussels over the temperature range 15 to 25'C. Mass-adjusted mean ammonia excretion rates of fed sandmussels were significantly higher than 'starved' excretion rates in both species. D. serra and D. sordidus recycle a total of 307 g N per m strip of surf zone per year which constitutes 2.3 % of total phytoplankton nitrogen requirements in the surf zone.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen excretion by the surf zone bivalves Donax serra and D. sordidus

Cockcroft¹

1990

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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“…When studied and interpreted properly, behavioral responses are good, sensitive, and nondestructive indicators of existing stress in the environment. Valve closure is considered a general stress response to a wide variety of environmental stressors in both marine (Manley, 1983;Akberali and Trueman, 1985) and freshwater bivalves (Kramer et al, 1989). Valve closure isolates soft tissues from the external environment which leads to a gradual decline of the oxygen and finally anoxia in the mantle cavity water.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The subsequent lowered metabolic rate during anaerobiosis saves glycogen and other carbohydrate reserves (Holopainen and Penttinen, 1993). Valve closure also results in cessation of feeding which together with accumulation of excretory products limits inactivity time (Akberali and Trueman, 1985).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Hypoxia on Valve-Closure Time and Bioaccumulation of 2,4,5-Trichlorophenol by the Freshwater ClamSphaerium corneum[L.]

Heinonen

Kukkonen

Penttinen

et al. 1997

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety

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“…If the adaptations for re-establishment of homeostasis are insufficient, the organisms will suffer chronic stress or die. Methods to assess for signs of chronic toxicity have included biochemical, cytochemical, histological, and physiological indices (MacInnes & Thurberg 1973, Moore & Stebbing 1976, Stromgren 1982, Akberali & Trueman 1985, Bayne et al 1985, Bayne et al 1988). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of chronic cadmium exposures on growth of larvae of an Hawaiian bivalve, Isognomon californicum

Ringwood¹

1992

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Young bivalve larvae (3 d old) were exposed to environmentally realistic concentrations of cadmium (2, 10, 20, and 50 pg 1 under static exposure conditions for 28 d, a peilod that spans most of thelr larval lifespan The effects on growth werc evaluated in terms of both size and weight paiameters Cd effects on size growth (length and height) were signlficantly different, but subtle, mostly characterized by a slow gradual decllne, but remaining at 2 80 % of control sizes However the effects of Cd on weight (total dry weight, shell weight, and tissue w e~g h t )were much more dramatic After only 4 d Cd-exposed larvae weighed < 80 % of the controls (total dry weight), and tissue weights were between 35 and 51 % of controls With continued exposures there was some improvement, but then growth stabilized at levels signlficantly lower than the controls or continued to decline This response of lnltial severe effects, readlustment, and restabilization represents an adaptive response medlated by homeostatic mechanisms Howe\iei, the mechanisms were unable to amellorate the toxic effects Therefore, weight was more sensitive than slze as an ind~cator of adaptive response and stress The capacity for recovery was evaluated by exposing some larvae to Cd for 14 d and allowlng them to depurate for 14 d Only larvae initially exposed to 2 u g 1-I C d showed significant recovery The effects on growth are discussed with regard to Cd t~s s u e concenl-ralions and regulatory mechanisms

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Effects of Environmental Stress on Marine Bivalve Molluscs

Cited by 86 publications

References 203 publications

Nitrogen excretion by the surf zone bivalves Donax serra and D. sordidus

Nitrogen excretion by the surf zone bivalves Donax serra and D. sordidus

Effects of Hypoxia on Valve-Closure Time and Bioaccumulation of 2,4,5-Trichlorophenol by the Freshwater ClamSphaerium corneum[L.]

Effects of chronic cadmium exposures on growth of larvae of an Hawaiian bivalve, Isognomon californicum

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