Effects of Environmental Factors on Seed Germination of <i>Salix linearistipularis</i>

Abstract

This study evaluated the ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in cassava mill effluents contaminated soil in rural community in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. Secondary data was used for the ecological risk assessment. Two background scenarios i.e. geometric mean (BGM) and median mean (BMM) was used as the reference value. The heavy metals that were assessed for ecological risk include viz: Cr, Zn, Cu, Co, Ni, Mn, Pb and Cd. 50% of mean detected individual heavy metals were considered for the location that was not detected. Assessment of the ecological risk was carried out following well established protocol. The results of the potential ecological risk (ER), Ecological risk index (ERI) and Monomial potential ecological risk (MPER) of heavy metals showed low risk under both scenarios except for Cd in one of the locations that showed moderate risk for MPER under both background scenarios in wet season. The distribution of the heavy metals based on potential ecological risk were in the order; Cd > Ni > = Pb > Co > Cu> Cr > Mn = Zn (BMM) and Cd > Pb > Ni = Co > Cu = Cr > Mn > Zn (BGM) for wet season and Cd > Pb = Ni = Cu > Co > Cr > Mn = Zn (BMM) and Cd > Pb > Cu = Co > Ni > Cr > Mn = Zn for dry season. The study showed low ecological risk associated with cassava mill discharged into the environment.

Amino Acid and Proximate Composition of <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> Biomass Cultivated in Cassava Mill Effluents

“…Authors have variously reported that cassava mill affects microbial, heavy metal, and general physicochemical parameters of the receiving soil (Nwaugo et al, 2007(Nwaugo et al, , 2008Ehiagbonare et al, 2009;Eneje and Ifenkwe, 2012;Nwakaudu et al, 2012;Okechi et al, 2012;Osakwe, 2012;Chinyere et al, 2013;Izonfuo et al, 2013;Omotiama et al, 2013;Okunade and Adekalu, 2013;Ezeigbo et al, 2014;Ibe et al, 2014;Eze and Onyilide, 2015;Igbinosa, 2015;Igbinosa and Igiehon, 2015;Omomowo et al, 2015;Izah et al, 2017b).…”

Factors affecting the population trend of biodiversity in the Niger delta region of Nigeria

“…35,[65][66][67][68][69] According to Izah et al, 67,68 the soil plays social, ecological and economic roles. This could be due to the fact that several activities are carried out in the soil.…”

“…In addition the soil environment is a major recipient of waste streams emanating from food processing including oil palm, 71 cassava processing. 35,[67][68][69]72 These wastes are rarely treated in Nigeria before disposal. After heavy precipitation they could be washed into the nearby surface water (major sink of pollutants) thereby causing an alteration in water and sediment quality depending on the constituents and concentration of toxicants/ hazardous substances found in the water.…”

“…In soil, the wastes could cause change in the flora composition. For instance, Izah & Aigberua 34 reported that cassava mill effluents lead to reduction of microbial load in the soil. Izah et al, 71 also reported that palm oil mill effluents cause odour pollution and makes the soil become bare and devoid of vegetation.…”

Geo-accumulation Index, Enrichment Factor and Quantification of Contamination of Heavy Metals in Soil Receiving Cassava Mill Effluents in A Rural Community in the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria

“…Previous result from Izah et al (2017c) was used for the assessment of metal enrichment index (MEI), QoC, Igeo and EF of the heavy metals in cassava mill effluents contaminated soil (Table 1), while Improved Nemerow Index (INI) was computed based on the value obtained from the Igeo. The assessment was carried out under two background scenarios viz: geometric and median mean.…”