Effects of environmental factors on seed germination and seedling establishment in bilberry ( Vaccinium myrtillus L.)

Shortening of the Juvenile Phase of the Southern Highbush Blueberry (<i>Vaccinium corymbosum</i> L. interspecific hybrid) Grown in Controlled Rooms under Artificial Light

“…Shortening the juvenile phase is highly desirable for efficient breeding. Commonly used techniques for shortening the juvenile phase include a technique to promote seed germination (Castro et al, 2012;Nin et al, 2017) and techniques to accelerate the growth of seedlings after germination (Nin et al, 2017). Early flowering was also achieved by grafting new shoots obtained from young seedlings (Mitani et al, 2008).…”

“…First, there are a number of reports on the improved germination rate and early seed germination in vaccinium spieces. Exposure of seeds to low temperature before sowing improved the germination rate (Nin et al, 2017;Shigyou et al, 2014), and seeds that were extracted from fresh fruits and sowed immediately were shown to germinate successfully (Giba et al, 1995;Nin et al, 2017). Seeds irradiated with light had their germination accelerated (Giba et al, 1995;Nin et al, 2017).…”

“…Exposure of seeds to low temperature before sowing improved the germination rate (Nin et al, 2017;Shigyou et al, 2014), and seeds that were extracted from fresh fruits and sowed immediately were shown to germinate successfully (Giba et al, 1995;Nin et al, 2017). Seeds irradiated with light had their germination accelerated (Giba et al, 1995;Nin et al, 2017). In vitro culture was effective for promoting germination and seed growth (Castro et al, 2012;Miyashita et al, 2009;Nin et al, 2017).…”

“…Seeds irradiated with light had their germination accelerated (Giba et al, 1995;Nin et al, 2017). In vitro culture was effective for promoting germination and seed growth (Castro et al, 2012;Miyashita et al, 2009;Nin et al, 2017). Seed germination was shown to be enhanced by treatment with gibberellic acid and 6N-benzyladenine (Dweikat and Lyrene, 1989).…”

“…The Japanese pear (Pyrus pyrifolia) (Ito et al, 2014) and southern highbush blueberry (Kadowaki et al, 2015) were reported to have had shoot growth promoted when cultivated with red LED illumination, and under this condition the number of leaves also increased. Selection of culture media also affected growth (Nin et al, 2017;Ochmian et al, 2010). Northern highbush blueberries (V. corymbosum L.) grown in peat exhibited vigorous growth (Ochmian et al, 2010).…”