Effects of environmental conditions on hydrogen permeation of X52 pipeline steel exposed to high H2S-containing solutions

Zhou, Chengshuang; Chen, Xingyang; Wang, Zheng; Zheng, Shuqi; Li, Xiao

doi:10.1016/j.corsci.2014.07.061

Cited by 57 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(39 reference statements)

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“…The diffractogram of corrosion products obtained after 96 h of exposure ( Figure 7) shows peaks at approximately 18 ∘ , 30 ∘ , 35 ∘ , 38 ∘ , 50 ∘ , and 54 ∘ which are the same as those of mackinawite (M), that is, a tetragonal crystalline form of iron sulfide [18]. A similar diffractogram has been reported by Zheng et al [19] and Zhou et al [20].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 59%

A Comparative Study of Hydrogen-Induced Cracking Resistances of API 5L B and X52MS Carbon Steels

Figueredo

Oliveira

Paula

et al. 2018

International Journal of Corrosion

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Susceptibility to hydrogen-induced cracking of API 5L B and X52MS low-carbon steels in NACE 177-A, 177-B, and 284-B solutions has been investigated by the present work. A metallographic analysis of these steels was performed before and after NACE TM0284 standard testing. Corrosion products were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray dispersive energy spectrometry, which were subsequently identified by X-ray diffraction. Thus it was found that pH directly affects the solubility of corrosion products and hydrogen permeation. Both steels showed generalized corrosion in solution 177-A, and a discontinuous film was formed on their surfaces in solution 177-B; however, only the API 5L B steel failed the HIC test and exhibited greater crack length ratio in solution 177-A. In solution 284-B whose pH is higher, the steels exhibited thick mackinawite films with no internal cracking.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 59%

A Comparative Study of Hydrogen-Induced Cracking Resistances of API 5L B and X52MS Carbon Steels

Figueredo

Oliveira

Paula

et al. 2018

International Journal of Corrosion

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“…This consists of 5.0 wt % NaCl (VWR, Leuven, Belgium) and 0.5 wt % CH 3 COOH (VWR, Leuven, Belgium) in deionized water, produced by a Milli-Q Integral System, saturated with H 2 S from Air Liquide with a global purity >99.5% (max. impurities 500 ppm CH 4 , 3000 ppm Carbonyl Sulfide (COS)). Prior to saturation, the test solution was deaerated with N 2 gas from Air Liquide (purity > 99.99%) for 40 min.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After this first step of corrosion product formation, sulfides were also generated by a precipitation mechanism [27], which created the upper layer. Mackinawite formation was much faster than the formation of other thermodynamically stable products, such as troilite and pyrrhotite [4]. The precipitation occurred according to the following reaction scheme:…”

Section: Cross-section Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The presence of a double layer indicated that two mechanisms are generating the corrosion products. Initially, the first layer of mackinawite was formed via a solid-state reaction [4,27]:…”

Section: Cross-section Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Consequently, the potential threat for hydrogen induced damage is increased [1,2]. Furthermore, the characteristics of this Fe x S y surface layer will significantly affect the hydrogen introduction in the material [3,4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

FeS Corrosion Products Formation and Hydrogen Uptake in a Sour Environment for Quenched & Tempered Steel

Wallaert

Depover

Graeve

et al. 2018

Metals

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Surface corrosion product formation is one of the important factors affecting the corrosion rate and hydrogen uptake in a H 2 S environment. However, it is still unclear how the base material composition will affect the corrosion products that are generated, and consequently their impact on the corrosion rate. In this paper, corrosion product formation and the impact of the Mo content of the base material on the composition of the corrosion products and hydrogen absorption in a sour environment was investigated. The corrosion layer was composed of a double layered mackinawite (FeS 1−x ) structure, which was enriched with molybdenum and chromium. The layers were formed via two different mechanisms, i.e., the inner layer was created via a general oxide film formation corrosion mechanism, whereas the upper layer was formed by a precipitation mechanism. The presence of this double corrosion layer had a large influence on the amount of diffusible hydrogen in the materials. This amount decreased as a function of contact time with the H 2 S saturated solution, while the corrosion rate of the materials shows no significant reduction. Therefore, the corrosion products are assumed to act as a physical barrier against hydrogen uptake. Mo addition caused a decrease in the maximal amount of diffusible hydrogen.

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Comparative Assessment of Environment‐Assisted Cracking Susceptibility of Different Grade API 5L Steels in CO₂, CO₂/H₂S, and H₂S Environments

Oliveira

Folena

Silva

et al. 2023

steel research int.

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The risk of hydrogen embrittlement (HE) and stress corrosion cracking (SCC) is a strong concern for material selection in the oil and gas sector. The presence of H2S enhances hydrogen charging, which can increase hydrogen embrittlement (HE) susceptibility. There are knowledge gaps about HE in the environment saturated with pure carbon dioxide (CO2) and with CO2 containing H2S. CO2 has a strong impact on corrosion rate as well, enhancing cathodic reactions. CO2 might also have a direct contribution to hydrogen charging and cracking mechanisms. This study addresses the assessment of hydrogen permeation and HE of X65 and X80 steels in CO2 and/or H2S environments. The performance of both steel grades is investigated, supported by experimental approach. The results indicate that the loss of mechanical resistance is due to hydrogen uptake and diffusion as well as the anodic dissolution, especially in Solution B. It is observed that X80 steel used in this work is more susceptible to cracking than X65 steel even in pure CO2. It is concluded that the advantage of using a higher‐mechanical‐resistant steel, X80 can be suppressed by HE effects.

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Effects of environmental conditions on hydrogen permeation of X52 pipeline steel exposed to high H2S-containing solutions

Cited by 57 publications

References 24 publications

A Comparative Study of Hydrogen-Induced Cracking Resistances of API 5L B and X52MS Carbon Steels

A Comparative Study of Hydrogen-Induced Cracking Resistances of API 5L B and X52MS Carbon Steels

FeS Corrosion Products Formation and Hydrogen Uptake in a Sour Environment for Quenched & Tempered Steel

Comparative Assessment of Environment‐Assisted Cracking Susceptibility of Different Grade API 5L Steels in CO₂, CO₂/H₂S, and H₂S Environments

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Effects of environmental conditions on hydrogen permeation of X52 pipeline steel exposed to high H2S-containing solutions

Cited by 57 publications

References 24 publications

A Comparative Study of Hydrogen-Induced Cracking Resistances of API 5L B and X52MS Carbon Steels

A Comparative Study of Hydrogen-Induced Cracking Resistances of API 5L B and X52MS Carbon Steels

FeS Corrosion Products Formation and Hydrogen Uptake in a Sour Environment for Quenched & Tempered Steel

Comparative Assessment of Environment‐Assisted Cracking Susceptibility of Different Grade API 5L Steels in CO2, CO2/H2S, and H2S Environments

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Comparative Assessment of Environment‐Assisted Cracking Susceptibility of Different Grade API 5L Steels in CO₂, CO₂/H₂S, and H₂S Environments