Effects of Enterotoxin B on Intestinal Transport in Vitro

Sullivan, Rosemary

doi:10.3181/00379727-131-34060

Cited by 20 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…Previous work (Sullivan, 1969;Sullivan and Asano, 1971) showed that there was no change in transmural potential difference and in metabolic indices in rat intestine subjected to staphylococcal enterotoxin B. Cholera enterotoxin has been shown to have a major effect on anion secretion. Since neither chloride nor bicarbonate transport was studied in the present investigation, nor were measurements made of pH, PCO2, or electrical potential, interpretation of the experimental data must be limited.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Influence of staphylococcal enterotoxin on water and electrolyte transport in the small intestine.

Elias¹,

Shields²

1976

Gut

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SUMMARY The direct and indirect effects of staphylococcal enterotoxins A and C on the flux of water, sodium, and potassium have been studied in paired Thiry Vella fistulae in dogs. Administration of toxin resulted in a significant decrease in absorption, both in the loop to which the toxin had been administered and its pair. This decrease in absorption was associated with a decrease in movement out of the lumen, movement into the lumen remaining relatively unchanged. The mechanism of action of staphylococcal enterotoxins is discussed, and comparisons made with other enterotoxins.Staphylococcal enterotoxin has been implicated in two types of gastroenteritis-staphylococcal food poisoning, after the ingestion of preformed toxin, and staphylococcal enterocolitis in which the bowel is colonised by the organism, the toxin being produced locally.Enterotoxin, whose existence was postulated in 1912 (Barber, 1912) was first demonstrated in 1929 (hDack et al., 1930) and purified in the 1960s. Five types of enterotoxin, designated A, B, C, D, and E, have been described and classified according to their precipitin reactions with specific antitoxins (Casman et al., 1963;Bergdoll et al., 1965;Casman et al., 1967;Bergdoll et al., 1971). These are simple protein molecules (with a molecular weight around 30000) which show serological specificity and lack of cross-neutralization, although one strain of Staphylococcus aureus can produce more than one type of enterotoxin.The clinical effect of staphylococcal enterotoxin is diarrhoea, which may on occasion be so profuse as to produce a clinical picture like cholera (British Medical Journal, 1971). In view of the current interest in the effect of bacterial toxins upon intestinal absorption (Low-Beer and Read, 1971;Banwell and Sherr, 1973;Sladen, 1973), we decided to study the action of staphylococcal enterotoxin upon the intestinal absorption of water and electrolytes in dogs. Enterotoxins A and C were used, enterotoxin A being the one most often isolated from staphylococcal-induced food poisoning in humans (Casman et al., 1967).Received for publication 7 April 1976 Methods Paired Thiry Vella fistulae of eitherjejunum (approximately 16 cm long) or ileum (approximately 22 cm long) were prepared in healthy beagle dogs weighing 7-16 kg and freed from intestinal parasites. Continuity of the intestine was restored by end-to-end anastomosis, and the ends of the loops were exteriorised on the abdominal wall. The dimensions of each fistula were such as to obtain a serosal surface of approximately 100 cm2.Tests were conducted under general anaesthesia, using intravenous pentobarbitone (30 mg per kg body weight), to minimise variations induced by extraneous or emotional factors. Pentobarbitone has been shown not to affect rates of absorption of water and electrolytes (Code et al., 1960).The rates of absorption and secretion of water, sodium, and potassium were then measured in these loops using the technique described by Shields et al. (1966). In brief, a multiperforate catheter was inser...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Influence of staphylococcal enterotoxin on water and electrolyte transport in the small intestine.

Elias¹,

Shields²

1976

Gut

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“…Inflammatory changes are observed in several regions of the gastrointestinal tract, but the most severe lesions appear in the stomach and the upper part of the small intestine [89]. The diarrhea sometimes associated with SEs intoxication may be due to the inhibition of water and electrolyte reabsorption in the small intestine [90,91]. In an attempt to link the two distinct activities of SEs, i.e.…”

Section: Staphylococcus Aureus Enterotoxinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Food Poisoning and Staphylococcus aureus Enterotoxins

Argudín

Mendoza

Rodicio

2010

Toxins

919

745

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Staphylococcus aureus produces a wide variety of toxins including staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs; SEA to SEE, SEG to SEI, SER to SET) with demonstrated emetic activity, and staphylococcal-like (SEl) proteins, which are not emetic in a primate model (SElL and SElQ) or have yet to be tested (SElJ, SElK, SElM to SElP, SElU, SElU2 and SElV). SEs and SEls have been traditionally subdivided into classical (SEA to SEE) and new (SEG to SElU2) types. All possess superantigenic activity and are encoded by accessory genetic elements, including plasmids, prophages, pathogenicity islands, vSa genomic islands, or by genes located next to the staphylococcal cassette chromosome (SCC) implicated in methicillin resistance. SEs are a major cause of food poisoning, which typically occurs after ingestion of different foods, particularly processed meat and dairy products, contaminated with S. aureus by improper handling and subsequent storage at elevated temperatures. Symptoms are of rapid onset and include nausea and violent vomiting, with or without diarrhea. The illness is usually self-limiting and only occasionally it is severe enough to warrant hospitalization. SEA is the most common cause of staphylococcal food poisoning worldwide, but the involvement of other classical SEs has been also demonstrated. Of the new SE/SEls, only SEH have clearly been associated with food poisoning. However, genes encoding novel SEs as well as SEls with untested emetic activity are widely represented in S. aureus, and their role in pathogenesis may be underestimated.

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“…Another investigation was also carried out to find the prevalence of staphylococcal enterotoxin, toxic shock toxin, exfoliative toxins, hemolysin, adhesion and bone bound sialoprotein genes. Staphylococcal toxin is responsible for food poisoning and they disrupt water and electrolyte balance in the small intestine (Sheahan et al, 1970;Sullivan, 1969). Results revealed that (Figure 2) 26.67% (n=16) of the isolates were positive for sea, 20% (n=12) of the isolates were positive for seq, 6.67% (n=4) of the isolates were positive for both seb and sec.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

In Silico Virulence and Resistance Profile Analysis of Staphylococcus species

Nahar¹,

Rashid²,

Kabir³

et al. 2017

Bangla Pharma J

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In silico studies of the genes of Staphylococcus spp. might establish some correlations with multiple pathological factors. Sixty isolates of Staphylococcus spp. have been studied here targeting virulence and antibiotic resistance genes through in silico tools. Here, in silico PCR (polymerase chain reaction) amplification detected both virulence and antibiotic resistance genes. Study revealed that most of the isolates harboured either cap5 (40%) or cap8 (31.67%) locus gene. Staphylococcal enterotoxin was detected in 63.33% of the isolates. The sea gene, responsible for food poisoning, was detected in 26.67% of the isolates. The tst positive isolates (5%), responsible for toxic shock syndrome, were present in only genotype 8. No exfoliative toxin was detected. The icaA gene, responsible for intracellular adherence, appeared in 80% of the isolates. Alpha hemolysin gene, hla, was detected in 63.33% of the isolates. Sixty-five percent of the isolates harboured the mecA genes. Both β-lactamase (blaZ) and erythromycin resistance, ermA genes were available in 38.33% of the isolates. In silico pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) digestion was able to divide isolates into 23 genotypes. Genotype 8 and 11 harboured tetracycline resistance genes, tetM and tetK. The tetM gene (18.33%) was more prevalent than tetK gene (11.67%). Genotype 1 and 11 were considered more virulent than others. Genotype 11 also carried six antibiotic resistance genes but did not carry the genes msrA, msrB, ermB and ermC. The data generated here might aid in the prediction of the virulence and resistance profile based on genotyping as well as contribute in vaccine development.

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Effects of Enterotoxin B on Intestinal Transport in Vitro

Cited by 20 publications

References 0 publications

Influence of staphylococcal enterotoxin on water and electrolyte transport in the small intestine.

Influence of staphylococcal enterotoxin on water and electrolyte transport in the small intestine.

Food Poisoning and Staphylococcus aureus Enterotoxins

In Silico Virulence and Resistance Profile Analysis of Staphylococcus species

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