Effects of Embelin on Lipid Peroxidation and Free Radical Scavenging Activity against Liver Damage in Rats

Abstract

Abstract:The study aimed to evaluate the hepatic antioxidant capacity of embelin (from Embelia ribes) using different antioxidant tests, free radical scavenging activity and lipid peroxidation in albino rats. Carbon tetrachloride (CCl 4 ) treatment to rats has been more susceptible to peroxidative damage through production of reactive metabolites, namely trichloromethyl-free radicals (CCl as measured by thiobarbituric acid reactive species. After the induction of liver damage by CCl 4 intoxication to rats, the concentration of lipid peroxidation was significantly (P £ 0.001) higher in liver and serum, along with concomitant decrease in the levels of antioxidants and cytochrome P450 enzyme in liver as compared to vehicle controls. The activities of marker enzymes -transaminases (AST, ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), c-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) -along with the total bilirubin and total protein levels were altered significantly (P £ 0.001) in the serum of CCl 4 -treated rats. When these rats received embelin orally (25 mg/kg) from day 1 to day 15, peroxidative damage was minimal in both liver and serum along with effectively inducing the antioxidant potential in CCl 4 -treated rats. The biochemical results were compared with the standard drug silymarin -a combination of flavonolignans of Silybum marianum and histology of liver sections. In conclusion, this study suggests that embelin acts as a natural antioxidant against hepatotoxicity induced in rats.

Embelia ribes ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome

“…The LD 50 value of embelin earlier reported was 100 mg/kg body weight/day in rats and minimum dose used was 25 mg/kg body weight (Singh et al, 2009), whereas, Mahendran et al (2011b used 10 mg/kg i.p. dose in rats and mice.…”

Embelin induces apoptosis through down-regulation of XIAP in human leukemia cells

“…Embelin is a novel cell permeable inhibitor of XIAP which was discovered by screening a library of natural products derived from traditional Chinese medicine [1]. They have multiple biological, pharmacological and medicinal properties including antiinflammatory, antibacterial, antioxidant and antitumor [2][3][4][5]. There has been considerable interest in the antitumor activities of embelin, and previous studies have shown that embelin induces growth inhibition and cell apoptosis in human solid tumors [6][7][8].…”

Embelin as a Potential Drug Molecule: A Review

“…Siddharthan Surveswaran et al [68] illusteated crude E. ribes displaying free radical scavenging activities when tested using DiPhenyl-2-picryl Hydrazyl (DPPH). Uma et al [69] described antioxidant activity against streptozotocin induced diabetic rats using aqueous extract of E. ribes administered orally (100 and 200 mg/kg body weight) and whereas Venkateshwar rao et al [70][71][72][73][74][75][76][77][78][79] substantiates the antioxidant activity of embelin. Dharmendra Singh et al reported antioxidant activity of embelin against hepatotoxicity induced rats (at concentration of 25 mg/kg body weight).…”