Effects of electromagnetic fields exposure on the antioxidant defense system

Abstract

Technological devices have become essential components of daily life. However, their deleterious effects on the body, particularly on the nervous system, are well known. Electromagnetic fields (EMF) have various chemical effects, including causing deterioration in large molecules in cells and imbalance in ionic equilibrium. Despite being essential for life, oxygen molecules can lead to the generation of hazardous by-products, known as reactive oxygen species (ROS), during biological reactions. These reactive oxygen species can damage cellular components such as proteins, lipids and DNA. Antioxidant defense systems exist in order to keep free radical formation under control and to prevent their harmful effects on the biological system. Free radical formation can take place in various ways, including ultraviolet light, drugs, lipid oxidation, immunological reactions, radiation, stress, smoking, alcohol and biochemical redox reactions. Oxidative stress occurs if the antioxidant defense system is unable to prevent the harmful effects of free radicals. Several studies have reported that exposure to EMF results in oxidative stress in many tissues of the body. Exposure to EMF is known to increase free radical concentrations and traceability and can affect the radical couple recombination. The purpose of this review was to highlight the impact of oxidative stress on antioxidant systems.Abbreviations: EMF, electromagnetic fields; RF, radiofrequency; ROS, reactive oxygen species; GSH, glutathione; GPx, glutathione peroxidase; GR, glutathione reductase; GST, glutathione S-transferase; CAT, catalase; SOD, superoxide dismutase; HSP, heat shock protein; EMF/RFR, electromagnetic frequency and radiofrequency exposures; ELF-EMFs, exposure to extremely low frequency; MEL, melatonin; FA, folic acid; MDA, malondialdehyde.

Bridelia speciosa Müll.Arg. Stem bark Extracts as a Potential Biomedicine: From Tropical Western Africa to the Pharmacy Shelf

“…However, the methanol extract (12.98 mg EDTAE/g) was the least active metal chelator. Indeed, transition metals, such as iron, can participate in Fenton reaction, converting hydrogen peroxide that is produced from mitochondrial oxidative respiration, into highly toxic hydroxyl free radical [40]. In the current study, the ethyl acetate extract, rich in flavonoids, showed the highest metal chelating properties (Table 3).…”

Risiko Mobilfunk

“…Auch der ATHEM-Report bestätigt oxidativen Zellstress als Wirkmechanismus [7]. In ihrem Review von 2017 sichteten Kivrak und Kollegen 162 Studien, die nicht nur deutlich zeigten, "dass die EMF-Exposition oxidativen Stress in verschiedenen Geweben auslöst, sondern auch, dass sie signifikante Veränderungen der Blut-Antioxidanzien-Marker verursacht" [40]. Mit folgenden Auswirkungen: "Müdigkeit, Kopfschmerzen, verminderte Lernfähigkeit und kognitive Beeinträchtigungen gehören zu den durch EMF verursachten Symptomen."…”

“…Mit folgenden Auswirkungen: "Müdigkeit, Kopfschmerzen, verminderte Lernfähigkeit und kognitive Beeinträchtigungen gehören zu den durch EMF verursachten Symptomen." Ergänzend wird vorgeschlagen, "verschiedene Antioxidantien wie Vitamin E, Melatonin und Folsäure (zu) verwenden, um die möglichen negativen Auswirkungen einer EMF-Exposition zu verhindern" [40].…”

Effect of low-frequency electric field screening on motility of human sperm

“…Exposure to electromagnetic fields may cause adverse biological effects on the functioning of living organisms, e.g. induce oxidative stress and apoptosis, affect neural functions in the human brain, or functioning of the reproductive system [1][2][3]. It should also be noted that long-term exposure to an electromagnetic field, even if of low strength, may influence people's well-being [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12].…”