Effects of Early Immune Stress and Changes in Dietary Metabolizable Energy on the Development of Newly Hatched Turkeys.

Abstract

Two 21-d experiments were conducted to document the effects of an early immunologic stress and changes in dietary ME(n) on selected characteristics of immune function of newly hatched turkeys. Eight treatments were included in each experiment. Treatments were the result of complete factorial arrangements of two types of injection and four isonitrogenous diets. Turkeys in both experiments were injected i.p. with .5, .5, and .2 mL of saline (SAL) or .5, .5, and .2 mL of a solution of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (100 micrograms LPS/mL SAL) at 1, 3, and 5 d of age, respectively. In Experiment 1, two diets were formulated to contain 2,800 kcal ME(n)/kg. One was a corn-soybean meal based diet (CSBM) and the other contained 8% Solkafloc (SKF). A third diet (3,100 kcal ME(n)/kg) was formulated by substituting 8% sucrose (SUC) for the 8% SKF. The fourth diet (HE) included in Experiment 1 was formulated to contain 3,700 kcal ME(n)/kg. The CSBM and SUC diets and two additional diets were tested in Experiment 2. The latter were the CSBM diet containing 74.5 mg ibuprofen/kg (IBU) and a corn-soybean meal diet formulated to contain 3,100 kcal ME(n)/kg (CS31). Concentrations of plasma IgG and jejunal IgG and IgA were not affected by injection or diet. Age-related changes in Ig concentrations were consistently observed in Experiments 1 and 2. Injection with LPS reduced the number or responses of blood leukocytes to mitogens at 8 d of age (P < .01), as compared with samples from turkeys injected with SAL. Leukocytes in whole blood samples from turkeys fed the HE diet responded less to LPS stimulation than those fed the SUC diet (P < .01). Injection with LPS did not markedly affect the characteristics of immune function studied, and feeding a diet with 3,100 kcal ME(n)/kg and 28.5% crude protein did not measurably affect the characteristics of immune function of young turkeys.

Effects of an early lipopolysaccharide challenge on growth and small intestinal structure and function of broiler chickens

“…In the present study, the reduction in feed intake and daily gain caused by LPS exposure was in agreement with the results of other studies (Piquer et al 1995;Webel et al 1998;Takahashi et al 1999). LPS injection elevates blood proinflammatory cytokine levels, which mediate systemic components of the inflammatory response, such as fever and anorexia, and activates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (Klasing et al 1987;Klasing 1994).…”

“…LPS injection elevates blood proinflammatory cytokine levels, which mediate systemic components of the inflammatory response, such as fever and anorexia, and activates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (Klasing et al 1987;Klasing 1994). It is reported that the decreased daily gain induced by LPS injection results mainly from the lowered ADFI (Piquer et al 1995;Webel et al 1998).…”

Effect of Various Factors in Blood Parameters of Laying Hens in Cages Indoor Grown in Afyonkarahisar

“…Along with changes in hematological parameters during stress, there are also significant changes in blood composition. As a matter of fact, catabolism is promoted in order to meet the nutritional requirements for the synthesis of immune effector molecules while weakening body proteins and fat anabolism under immune stress [29,30]; If corticosteroids occur at high levels in the circulation; glucose and mineral metabolism, resulting in structural disorders such as cardiovascular disorders and hypercholesterolemia [31][32][33].…”