Effects of an early lipopolysaccharide challenge on growth and small intestinal structure and function of broiler chickens

Abstract

Hu, X. F., Guo, Y. M., Li, J. H., Yan, G. L., Bun, S. and Huang, B. Y. 2011. Effects of an early lipopolysaccharide challenge on growth and small intestinal structure and function of broiler chickens. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 91: 379–384. Two experiments were conducted to determine the effect of early exposure to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on small intestinal structure and function of broiler chickens. Seven-day-old birds were randomly allotted to two equal treatments: an LPS-injected treatment in which the birds were injected intraperitoneally with LPS 500 µg kg−1 body weight (dissolved in 1 mL saline) on 8, 10, 12, 15, 17, and 19 d of age, i.e., on days 1, 3, and 5 d for 2 continuous weeks, and a control treatment (CTRL) in which the birds were similarly injected with 1 mL saline as a placebo. In exp. 1, food intake and weight gain were monitored over the 2 wk, the weight of the small bowel was determined at 14 and 21 d of age and duodenal and jejunal villus height and crypt depth, D-xylose uptake were also measured at 21 d. In exp. 2, additional measurements of the intestinal peristalsis ratio and the BrdU-labeling index and duodenal sodium-glucose co-transporter-1 (SGLT1) mRNA level were made at 21 d of age. The results showed that LPS challenge decreased feed intake, daily gain, duodenal and jejunal villus height and crypt depth, plasma D-xylose concentration and intestinal BrdUrd-labeling index, respectively (P<0.05) as well as small bowel weight at 14 and 21 d of age (P<0.05). Conversely, LPS injection increased SGLT1 mRNA level in the small intestine (P<0.05) and the small intestinal relative weight at 14 (P<0.05) and 21 d of age (P=0.063). Following LPS injection there were non-significant changes in feed conversion ratio and intestinal peristalsis ratio (P>0.05). In conclusion, early LPS challenge delayed the growth of intestine and impaired small intestinal structure and absorptive function.

Effect of immune stress on growth performance and energy metabolism in broiler chickens

“…Our results showed that immune stress decreased the DFI and ADG of broilers, which is in line with other studies (Eid, Ohtsuka, & Hayashi, 2003;Hu et al, 2011;Lin, Note: Means in the same row with no common superscript letters differ significantly (P < 0.05). NV = no vaccination; CV = conventional vaccination; CPM = cyclophosphamide; LPS = lipopolysaccharide; SEM = standard error of the mean; GLU = glucose; PRA = plasma renin activity; and AngII = angiotensin II.…”

Intestinal permeability induced by lipopolysaccharide and measured by lactulose, rhamnose and mannitol sugars in chickens

“…In other time-course experiments these sugars peaked at 120 min in dogs (Sørensen et al, 1997) and in humans (Cox et al, 1999), comparable with the current lactulose results, but not for rhamnose and mannitol. In the current study, BW decreased after the first LPS injection in all three trials consistent with previous poultry studies (Hu et al, 2011;Tan et al, 2014). Although feed intake was not measured in these trials, others have shown that LPS induced a systemic inflammation and reduced feed intake (Wu et al, 2013).…”

“…Lipopolysaccharide, found in the outer coat of gram-negative bacteria (Tran, 2009), has been well established as a model to increase IP in mice (Williams et al, 2013), rats (Ruan et al, 2014) and pigs . Although LPS has been used to induce systemic inflammation in chickens (Hu et al, 2011;Tan et al, 2014), limited research has been conducted regarding its effect on IP as reviewed by Gilani et al (2016). Lipopolysaccharide, at doses of 0.25 to 1 mg/kg BW, has been used to increase IP in chickens (Wu et al, 2013;Li et al, 2015).…”

Effect of Astragalus polysaccharide and its sulfated derivative on growth performance and immune condition of lipopolysaccharide-treated broilers

“…In the current study, 1 mg/kg LPS decreased villus height, but administration of SAPS at 8 mg/kg BW increased villus height, indicating that higher concentration of SAPS increased absorptive capability of chickens. Previous studies also found that 0.5 mg/kg LPS decreased villus height of broilers by intraperitoneally injection [28,32]. In addition, our results showed that APS had numerical but not significant effect on villus height, suggesting that the minimum valid concentration for APS may be above 8 mg/kg or larger than SAPS.…”

“…Single intravenous injection of 5 mg/kg BW Salmonella typhimurium LPS decreased the BWG of 21 days Cobb × Cobb broilers [27]. Hu et al [28] found that an early LPS challenge on 7 days birds decreased FI, BWG, as well as small bowel weight, but had no effect on FCR. However, Wu et al [29] reported that oral administration of LPS (250 g/kg BW) at 16, 18 and 21 days had no significant effect on growth performance of broilers.…”