Effects of Early Immune Stress and Changes in Dietary Metabolizable Energy on the Development of Newly Hatched Turkeys.

Abstract

Two experiments were conducted to document the effects of an early immunologic stress and changes in dietary ME(n) on growth and nutrient utilization of newly hatched turkeys. Treatments in both experiments consisted of a complete factorial arrangement of two types of injection and four isonitrogenous diets. Turkeys were injected i.p. with saline (SAL) or a solution of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (100 micrograms LPS/mL SAL) at 1, 3, and 5 d of age. In Experiment 1, two diets were formulated to contain 2,800 kcal ME(n)/kg. One was a corn-soybean meal-based diet (CSBM) and the other contained 8% Solkafloc (SKF). A third diet (3,100 kcal ME(n)/kg) was formulated by substituting 8% sucrose (SUC) for the 8% SKF. The fourth diet included in Experiment 1 was formulated to contain 3,700 kcal ME(n)/kg. The CSBM and SUC diets were also included in Experiment 2. Two additional diets tested in Experiment 2 were the CSBM diet containing 74.5 mg ibuprofen/kg (IBU) and a corn-soybean meal-based diet with a ME(n) value of 3,100 kcal/kg (CS31). Injection with LPS reduced (P < .05) BW of turkeys throughout Experiment 1 and until 9 d of age in Experiment 2, as compared with injection with SAL, irrespective of dietary treatment. The reduction in BW was mainly due to a decrease in feed intake (FI) (P < .05). Turkeys fed diets with 3,100 kcal ME(n)/kg were heavier (P < .05) than those fed diets with 2,800 kcal ME(n)/kg, irrespective of injection. Inclusion of ibuprofen to the CSBM diet from 1 to 14 d improved (P < .05) BW and feed efficiency (P < .01) of turkeys at 14 d of age, compared with turkeys fed the CSBM diet. Determined ME(n) was not affected by LPS injection. Adverse effects of LPS injection on growth of turkey poults were mainly the consequence of a reduced FI and not of altered nutrient utilization. These effects were not fully alleviated by feeding a diet with 3,100 kcal ME(n)/kg.

Effect of immune stress on growth performance and energy metabolism in broiler chickens

“…However, effects of stress on FCR were reported inconsistently in poultry. Takahashi, Mashiko, and Akiba (2000) published that immune stress (LPS peritoneal injection of stimulus) led to the decline in feed efficiency, but Piquer et al (1995) proved LPS injection decreased feed intake of turkey, but the feed efficiency was not affected. In the present study, we find no difference on feed efficiency among the four groups, which is consistent with the latter and the former findings of our team.…”

Effects of Early Immune Stress and Changes in Dietary Metabolizable Energy on the Development of Newly Hatched Turkeys.

“…All diets were isoproteic (28.5% crude protein) and met or exceeded the NRC (1984) recommended concentrations of other nutrients on a calculated basis. Diet composition is given in more detail in the companion paper (Piquer et al, 1995).…”

“…Diet composition is shown in Table 1. The reader is referred to a companion paper for a more detailed description of the four diets (Piquer et al, 1995).…”

“…Jejunum samples were obtained and stored as described by Piquer et al (1995) until immunoglobulin concentrations were determined. Jejunal samples were thawed at room temperature and PBS, pH 7.2, was added to obtain a concentration of 50 mg of wet jejunum/mL.…”

“…The research reported here was conducted to determine the effects of LPS-induced immune stress on the development of immune functions of hatchling turkeys and to determine whether dietary ME n content would modify these effects. The influence of these treatments on poult performance was reported by Piquer et al (1995).…”