Effects of Downhill Running on the Responses to an Oral Glucose Challenge

Sherman, W. M.; Lash, J. M.; Simonsen, John C.; Bloomfield, Susan A.

doi:10.1123/ijsn.2.3.251

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…This is in contrast to the common findings in literature reporting acute negative effects of EE on glucose metabolism, especially transient insulin resistance, non-insulin dependent glucose uptake and muscle glycogen replenishment (Asp et al 1996; del Aguila et al 2000; Doyle et al 1993; Green et al 2010; Ide et al 1996; Kirwan et al 1992; Sherman et al 1992). Our findings confirm that even a single bout of EE can provoke positive acute short-term effects on glucose metabolism (Philippe et al 2016).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 82%

Acute effects of concentric and eccentric exercise matched for energy expenditure on glucose metabolism in healthy females: a randomized crossover trial

et al. 2016

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BackgroundSingle bouts of muscle damaging eccentric exercise (EE) affect glucose metabolism negatively while single bouts of concentric (CE) and not muscle damaging eccentric exercise have positive acute short-term effects on glucose metabolism. It has been proposed that long-term endurance EE might be more effective in improving glucose metabolism than long-term CE when adjusted for energy expenditure. This would imply that adaptations of glucose metabolism are dependent on the type of exercise. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) released from the exercising muscles may be involved in and could therefore explain acute adaptations on glucose metabolism. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of a single bout of CE and a single bout of EE inducing no or just mild muscle damage, matched for energy expenditure, on glucose metabolism.Methods7 healthy but sedentary female participants (age 20.7 ± 2.9 years; BMI 22.45 ± 1.66 kg m−2; VO2peak 39.0 ± 4.5 ml kg−1 min−1) took part in a randomized cross over trial consisting of 1 h uphill (CE) respectively downhill (EE) walking on a treadmill. Venous blood samples were drawn before, directly after and 24 h after exercise. An oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed before and 24 h after exercise.ResultsCE and EE lead to comparable changes of glucose tolerance (area under the curve of the OGTT) (−16.0 ± 25.81 vs. −6.3 ± 45.26 mg dl−1 h−1, p = 1.000) and HOMA insulin resistance (−0.16 ± 1.53 vs. −0.08 ± 0.75, p = 0.753). Compared to baseline, IL-6 concentration increased significantly immediately after EE (1.07 ± 0.67 vs. 1.32 ± 0.60 pg ml−1, p = 0.028) and tended to increase immediately after CE (0.75 ± 0.29 vs. 1.03 ± 0.21 pg ml−1, p = 0.058). TNF-α concentration decreased significantly immediately after EE (1.47 ± 0.19 vs. 1.06 ± 0.29 pg ml−1, p = 0.046) but not after CE (1.27 ± 0.43 vs. 1.24 ± 0.43 pg ml−1, p = 0.686) compared to baseline.ConclusionsAcute effects of a single bout of exercise inducing no or just mild muscle damage on glucose tolerance and insulin resistance seem to be primarily energy expenditure dependent whereas acute anti-inflammatory activity induced by a single bout of exercise appears to be rather exercise type dependent.Trial registration: NCT01890876, clinicaltrials.gov, https://clinicaltrials.gov/.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 82%

Acute effects of concentric and eccentric exercise matched for energy expenditure on glucose metabolism in healthy females: a randomized crossover trial

et al. 2016

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“…These results seem to be at odds with consistent data showing that DOMS is associated with a reduction in muscle glycogen repletion and content (Asp et al 1995aCostill et al 1990;Doyle et al 1993;Widrick et al 1992). The development of a reduction in insulin sensitivity Kirwan et al 1992;Sherman et al 1992) and whole-body glucose disposal at rest Kirwan et al 1992), together with a reduction in GLUT4 protein content in the muscle (Asp et al 1995a(Asp et al , 1995bKristiansen et al 1996Kristiansen et al , 1997 has also been found in association with DOMS. However, in the present experiment muscle glycogen content was not measured, and there is no data on the effect of downhill running on subsequent muscle glycogen resynthesis in humans.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 56%

“…In this respect, numerous studies have described the reduction in muscle strength and flexibility that occur following eccentric exercise (Clarkson and Hubal 2002;Clarkson et al 1992;Lieber and Fride´n 2002). Several studies have also shown a reduction in insulin sensitivity Del Aguila et al 2000;Kirwan et al 1992;Sherman et al 1992), glucose tolerance (Sherman et al 1992) and plasma glucose disposal at rest (Del Aguila et al 2000;Kirwan et al 1992), and in the ability to store muscle glycogen (Asp et al 1995a, b Doyle et al 1993O'Reilly et al 1987;Widrick et al 1992). These phenomena could be partly related to a downregulation of insulin signaling (Del Aguila et al 2000) and/or a reduction in GLUT4 protein content (Asp et al 1995a in muscles submitted to eccentric exercise.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The purpose of the present study was to describe possible changes in the metabolic response to prolonged cycling exercise, 2 days following downhill running, an experimental model of eccentric exercise both in man (e.g., Braun and Dutto 2003;Byrnes et al 1985;Hamill et al 1991;Maughan et al 1989;Schwane et al 1983;Sherman et al 1992;Sorichter et al 2001) and rat Ferry et al 1992). Protein, carbohydrate and lipid oxidation were computed from urea excretion in urine and sweat, and respiratory gas exchange values.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Immediately before and during the exercise period, the subjects also ingested 13 C-glucose, and the oxidation rate of exogenous glucose, glucose released from the liver, and glucose released from muscle glycogen were computed from 13 CO 2 production at the mouth and the ratio of 13 C/ 12 C in plasma glucose (Burelle et al 1999). Based on the observation of insulin resistance Del Aguila et al 2000;Kirwan et al 1992;Sherman et al 1992), and of a reduction in glucose disposal (Del Aguila et al 2000;Kirwan et al 1992) at rest following muscle damage, and on the increased muscle glycogen utilization observed during exercise by Asp et al (1998), we hypothesized that the contribution of plasma and exogenous glucose oxidation would be reduced, while the oxidation of glucose arising from muscle glycogen would be increased.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Metabolic response to prolonged cycling with 13C-glucose ingestion following downhill running

et al. 2004

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The purpose of this study was to describe the effect of muscle damage and delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS) on the metabolic response during a subsequent period of prolonged concentric exercise (120 min, approximately 61% V(.)O(2max), on a cycle ergometer), with ingestion of 3 g of (13)C-glucose/kg body mass. We hypothesized that the oxidation of plasma and exogenous glucose would be reduced, while the oxidation of glucose arising from muscle glycogen would be increased. Six male subjects were studied during exercise in a control situation and 2 days following downhill running, at a time when plasma creatine kinase (CK) activity was increased, and DOMS was present. Carbohydrate and lipid oxidation were computed from indirect respiratory calorimetry corrected for protein oxidation, while the oxidation of plasma glucose and muscle glycogen were computed from V(.)(13)CO(2) and the ratio of (13)C/(12)C in the plasma glucose. All data were presented as the mean and the standard error of the mean. The oxidation of protein (approximately 6% energy yield, in the control and the experimental trial), lipid (approximately 15 and approximately 18%), and carbohydrate (approximately 79 and approximately 76%), as well as that of plasma glucose (approximately 41 and approximately 46%), glucose from the liver (approximately 12 and approximately 14%), and glucose from muscle glycogen (approximately 38 and approximately 31%) were not significantly different between the control and experimental (DOMS) trials. The response of the plasma glucose, insulin, lactate, and free fatty acid concentrations was not modified by the previous eccentric exercise. These results indicate that the metabolic response to prolonged concentric exercise is not modified by muscle damage and DOMS resulting from a bout of eccentric exercise performed 2 days before.

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Downhill Running: What Are The Effects and How Can We Adapt? A Narrative Review

et al. 2020

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Downhill running (DR) is a whole-body exercise model that is used to investigate the physiological consequences of eccentric muscle actions and/or exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD). In a sporting context, DR sections can be part of running disciplines (off-road and road running) and can accentuate EIMD, leading to a reduction in performance. The purpose of this narrative review is to: (1) better inform on the acute and delayed physiological effects of DR; (2) identify and discuss, using a comprehensive approach, the DR characteristics that affect the physiological responses to DR and their potential interactions; (3) provide the current state of evidence on preventive and in-situ strategies to better adapt to DR. Key findings of this review show that DR may have an impact on exercise performance by altering muscle structure and function due to EIMD. In the majority of studies, EIMD are assessed through isometric maximal voluntary contraction, blood creatine kinase and delayed onset muscle soreness, with DR characteristics (slope, exercise duration, and running speed) acting as the main influencing factors. In previous studies, the median (25th percentile, Q1; 75th percentile, Q3) slope, exercise duration, and running speed were − 12% (− 15%; − 10%), 40 min (30 min; 45 min) and 11.3 km h−1 (9.8 km h−1; 12.9 km h−1), respectively. Regardless of DR characteristics, people the least accustomed to DR generally experienced the most EIMD. There is growing evidence to suggest that preventive strategies that consist of prior exposure to DR are the most effective to better tolerate DR. The effectiveness of in-situ strategies such as lower limb compression garments and specific footwear remains to be confirmed. Our review finally highlights important discrepancies between studies in the assessment of EIMD, DR protocols and populations, which prevent drawing firm conclusions on factors that most influence the response to DR, and adaptive strategies to DR.

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Effects of Downhill Running on the Responses to an Oral Glucose Challenge

Cited by 10 publications

References 24 publications

Acute effects of concentric and eccentric exercise matched for energy expenditure on glucose metabolism in healthy females: a randomized crossover trial

Acute effects of concentric and eccentric exercise matched for energy expenditure on glucose metabolism in healthy females: a randomized crossover trial

Metabolic response to prolonged cycling with 13C-glucose ingestion following downhill running

Downhill Running: What Are The Effects and How Can We Adapt? A Narrative Review

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