Effects of discharge level on the load of dissolved and particulate components of stream nitrogen and phosphorus from a small afforested watershed of Japanese cypress (<i>Chamaecyparis obtusa</i>)

Ide, Jun’ichiro; Nagafuchi, Osamu; Chiwa, Masaaki; Kume, Atsushi; Otsuki, Kyoichi; Ogawa, Shinji

doi:10.1007/s10310-006-0250-7

Cited by 40 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…The flora comprised on 135 deciduous and 91 evergreen broadleaved trees (Inoue et al 2002). According to the temperature and precipitation data for 2005 and 2006 obtained from an experimental watershed (elevation 250 m; cf., Ide et al 2007) in the KRF, the yearly mean air temperature was 16.0°C. The daily maximum temperatures for 2005 and 2006 were 37.9 and 39.5°C, respectively, and the minimum temperatures for the 2 years were -5.2 and -3.1°C, respectively.…”

Section: Plant Materials and Growth Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Xylem water-conducting patterns of 34 broadleaved evergreen trees in southern Japan

Umebayashi

Utsumi

Koga

et al. 2010

Trees

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A dye injection method was used to elucidate the xylem water-conducting pathways of 34 broadleaved evergreen trees growing in southern Japan: two semi-ringporous, 26 diffuse-porous, five radial-porous and one non-vessel species. The large earlywood vessels in semiring-porous species have a water transport function in only the outermost annual ring, as in deciduous ring-porous species. On the other hand, the small vessels in semi-ring-porous species maintain the water transport function in many outer annual rings. For the other xylem-type species, the many vessels in many outer annual rings have a water transport function. In diffuse-porous species, we categorized the water-conducting pattern within the annual rings into two types: d1 type, where water travels through vessels in the whole region; and d2 type, where water travels mainly through the earlywood vessels. The pattern in radial-porous species is similar to that in the d1 type; the pattern in non-vessels species is similar to that in the d2 type. The vessel diameter in radial-porous species is similar to that of the earlywood vessels of semi-ring-porous species. These results suggest that the conduit diameter size is only one of many factors determining the water-conducting pathways of broadleaved evergreen species.

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Section: Plant Materials and Growth Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Xylem water-conducting patterns of 34 broadleaved evergreen trees in southern Japan

Umebayashi

Utsumi

Koga

et al. 2010

Trees

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“…The most common approach is to extrapolate the limited available DIN and SO 4 2 data to the unmeasured exports. Regression equations between the load or concentration of DIN or SO 4 2 and the discharge (regression method) are generally used to extrapolate data from discrete interval sampling to the unmeasured DIN and SO 4 2 exports (Swistock et al, 1997;Ide et al, 2007). However, discrete interval samplings are biased towards low flow conditions (Swistock et al, 1997;Ide et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of storm flow samplings on the evaluation of inorganic nitrogen and sulfate budgets in a small forested watershed

Chiwa

Ide

Maruno

et al. 2009

Hydrological Processes

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Abstract:To investigate the effects of storm flow samplings on the evaluation of DIN and SO 4 2 budgets, we conducted storm flow samplings and discrete interval (weekly) samplings of stream water, throughfall, and stemflow. This investigation lasted for three years and took place in a small forested watershed in western Japan. Annual exports were calculated by the sum of the load (L total )-sum of the discharge (Q total ) relationships obtained by storm flow samplings. These were then compared to calculated ones that were based on LQ relationships obtained by discrete interval sampling. The results of discrete interval sampling showed that the relationships of DIN or SO 4 2 concentration to the discharge amount found in stream water differed from those of storm flow sampling. This was especially notable in years with higher annual precipitation and subsequent higher annual discharges. Also, exports of DIN and SO 4 2 during storm flow periods accounted for 83% and 78% of annual exports on 3-year averages, respectively. These results confirmed that storm flow samplings are essential for estimating annual exports of DIN and SO 4 2 . Annual exports that were calculated based on just discrete interval sampling (46% and 17%, respectively) overestimated DIN and SO 4 2 from discrete interval and storm flow samplings on a 3-year average. These overestimates were pronounced in years of higher discharge, and critically affected the rates of net-retention or export of DIN and SO 4 2 . The relationship of smaller input than output of DIN was reversed if storm flow sampling was included.

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“…Release of soil and sediment particles and erosion also exhibit threshold-like behavior (Sichingabula 1998;Ternat et al 2008;Hicks et al 2000). Traditionally, univariate mathematical formulations of the relationship between concentration and discharge are used for the calculation of export coefficients and sediment yield (Walling 1977;Horowitz 2003;Schleppi et al 2006;Ide et al 2007). However, due to the complexity of processes affecting sediment dynamics, such univariate relationships (e.g., log-log rating curves between discharge and concentration) are in most situations insufficient and result in large scatter (Walling 1977;Wood 1977;Sichingabula 1998;Alexandrov et al 2007;Bača 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamics of storm-driven suspended sediments in a headwater catchment described by multivariable modeling

Onderka

Krein²,

Wrede

et al. 2012

J Soils Sediments

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Purpose Previous research has shown that the rate at which suspended sediment is transported in watercourses depends primarily on discharge (Q) as the first-order control, but additional factors are thought to affect suspended sediment concentrations (SSC) as well. Among these, antecedent hydrological and meteorological conditions (e.g., rainfall depth and intensity, discharge prior to a runoff event and the duration of runoff events) may represent significant transport controlling mechanisms. Univariate models using Q-SSC rating curves often produce large scatter and nonlinearity, because many of the hydrological and biotic processes affecting the dynamics of sediment are non-linear and exhibit threshold behavior. The simulation of such highly non-linear processes is therefore an elusive task requiring consideration of several interrelated controlling variables. The aim of this study was to identify the major hydrological and meteorological controls determining the dynamics of SSC during storm-runoff events and the magnitude of SSC in a headwater catchment in Luxembourg. Materials and methods A parsimonious data-driven model (M5′ modular trees) was used to simulate SSC in response to the identified controlling variables. Antecedent hydrometeorological variables (e.g., antecedent precipitation depths, antecedent precipitation indices, and a suit of hydrological data) were used as input variables. Results and discussion Twenty-four-hour antecedent runoff volumes were determined as the major control explaining sediment depletion effects during high-flow periods, and a gradual decline of SSC as a runoff event progresses. The modeling results obtained by M5′ trees were then compared to conventional power-law rating curves. The M5′ model outperformed the rating-curve by being successful in describing the shape and magnitude of the analyzed sedigraphs. Therefore, we propose that incorporating antecedent hydrometeorological data into SSC prediction models may strongly enhance the accuracy of export coefficients. Two splitting criteria identified by the M5′ model tree (Q and antecedent runoff volume) were found and are discussed as possible thresholds responsible for the greatest nonlinearity in the Q-SSC relationship. Conclusions Our study highlights the dominant antecedent hydro-meteorological conditions acting as the major controls on the magnitude of SSC during episodic events in the headwater Huewelerbach catchment in Luxembourg. For future application, it would be interesting to extend and test the data-mining approach presented in this paper to other catchments, where other controls on sediment transport may be identified.

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Effects of discharge level on the load of dissolved and particulate components of stream nitrogen and phosphorus from a small afforested watershed of Japanese cypress (Chamaecyparis obtusa)

Cited by 40 publications

References 41 publications

Xylem water-conducting patterns of 34 broadleaved evergreen trees in southern Japan

Xylem water-conducting patterns of 34 broadleaved evergreen trees in southern Japan

Effects of storm flow samplings on the evaluation of inorganic nitrogen and sulfate budgets in a small forested watershed

Dynamics of storm-driven suspended sediments in a headwater catchment described by multivariable modeling

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