Effects of dimensional redundancy on visual discrimination.

Gr, Lockhead

doi:10.1037/h0023319

Cited by 218 publications

(129 citation statements)

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“…Whereas correlation facilitates performance for some combinations of stimulus dimensions, such as length and position of a line (Lockhead, 1966), correlation has no effect for other combinations of stimulus dimensions, such as size and saturation of grey squares (Smith & Kemler, 1978).…”

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“…J, Gibson, 1969). Such apparent differences in the perceived distinctiveness of visual dimensions have provided the impetus for a growing literature on the internal representation of visual information (e.g., Garner, 1974Garner, , 1978Kemler & Smith, 1979;Lockhead, 1966Lockhead, , 1972Shepard, 1964;Torgerson, 1958). A number of phenomena have been associated with variations in dimensional distinctiveness.…”

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“…A number of theorists have claimed that objects represented by separable dimensions are perceived in terms of their separate values on these dimensions, whereas objects represented by integral dimensions are not perceived dimensionally at all, but are perceived holistically in terms of their overall similarity (Gamer & Felfoldy, 1970;Lockhead, 1966;Lockhead & King, 1977). Gamer and his co-workers, for example, systematically proposed that the phenomena mentioned serve as part of a set of converging operations for defining integrality and separability: integral dimensions are those that produce interference when selective attention (filtering) is required, pro-duce facilitation with correlated dimensions, and require a relatively short time to condense (summarized in Garner, 1974).…”

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A psychophysical approach to dimensional separability

Cheng

Pachella

1984

Cognitive Psychology

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A psychophysical approach to dimensional separability

Cheng

Pachella

1984

Cognitive Psychology

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“…The judged similarity of unitary stimuli cannot be accounted for in Euclidian metric space, while the similarity of analyzable stimuli can. Color, according to Shepard, is an attribute associated with unitary stimuli, while such spatial attributes as size or inclination are more typically associated with analyzable stimuli (see also Lockhead, 1966). Would a spatial attribute behave differently in the interference task?…”

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Interference in identifying attributes and attribute names

White

1969

Perception & Psychophysics

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Klein (1964) demonstrated that the difficulty in naming hues increased directly with the semantic proximity of the words in which the hues were printed. Interference was maximal when the words were the actual hue names printed in incongruous hues, minimal when they were unpronounceable nonsense syllables, and intermediate when they were English words unrelated to color. Klein's findings have been independently replicated and elaborated in several subsequent studies (Schiller, 1966; Bakan & Alperson, 1967; Grand, 1967;Gholson & Hohle, 1968a).Though these studies unambiguously establish the relation of interference with semantic proximity, they do not show why it is that an incongruous mixing of hues and hue names makes it difficult to name the hues, but interferes very little with reading the names. The present experiment was designed to see whether or not the effect was due to the fact that a verbal response was being used, and to ascertain whether or not the same sort of interference would be found with an attribute other than color. Klein (1964, p. 577) offers an explanation of the effect based upon the assumption that "the color names and the irrelevant color-words involve identical motor-responses." "Interference from the word consists essen tially in the disposition to say it. It is in this sense that we speek of 'competition' from the word [ibid., p.584]."Klein's motor-competition explanation appears to assume verbal response, though the task could equally well be performed with some other type of response, such as pushing an appropriately color-coded button. Under such circumstances, there would still be competition for the same motor response but it could hardly be argued that the response to the name would have greater strength than the response to the attribute.There is another peculiarity of the verbal responses that should be made explicit in this type of task. There is a more radically different relationship between the spoken word red and the printed word red than between the same spoken word and the hue of the ink in which the word has been printed. To use Fitts's (1967) term, there is a high degree of stimulus-response compatability in the spoken-printed word situation, and a completely arbitrary relation between the hue and the hue name. This compatability comes about because of the fact that the sequence of letter forms in the printed word is linked in an orderly way to sequence of uttered sounds in the spoken word even though this linkage in English is far from a one-to-one mapping. No such linkage exists between the hue of the ink and the form of the utterance of the hue name. Such compatability may well account for the well-established fact that it takes longer to name a series of attributes than to read a parallel series of attribute names (Gholson & Hohle , 1968b). One would expect this difference to be sharply reduced if a nonverbal response were used.It is probably an historical accident that the attribute of color has been used exclusively in this interference task. Analogous tasks c...

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“…They depend on the stimulus in which they are embedded, on its background, and on other possible alternatives in the situation. Brysbasert and d'Ydewalle show this for a brightness and its surround, I have shown this for extents and locations and other dimensions (Lockhead, 1966(Lockhead, , 1972(Lockhead, , 1984(Lockhead, , 1988b tion for predicting what amount or quality a subject will assign a particular stimulus or attribute of that stimulus, either on average over the course of the study or on a particular trial.…”

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Categorizing Sounds

Lockhead¹

1989

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Effects of dimensional redundancy on visual discrimination.

Cited by 218 publications

References 14 publications

A psychophysical approach to dimensional separability

A psychophysical approach to dimensional separability

Interference in identifying attributes and attribute names

Categorizing Sounds

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