Effects of different types of visual music on the prefrontal hemodynamics of children with autism spectrum disorder based on functional near-infrared spectroscopy

Abstract

Background: Music therapy has been shown to improve communication in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), but little is known about how different types of music and images affect hemodynamic changes in the frontal lobe of the brain in children with ASD. This study aims to use functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to explore the effects of different types of visual music on different brain regions of oxyhemoglobin (HbO) in the prefrontal lobe of children with ASD and children with typical development (TD), so as to provide evidence for better application of different types of visual music in the treatment of children with ASD. Methods: Seven children with ASD and nine matched children with TD were selected. Changes in HbO in their prefrontal lobes were determined by fNIRS after resting states and 12 different types of visual music tasks. Results: (I) Intra-group comparison: the influence of different types of light and music on ∆HbO in ROI (zone F) of ASD children is different, the activation degree shows that red light & positive music is less than green light & neutral music, red light & positive music is less than blue light & negative music, and there is no difference between green light & neutral music and blue light & negative music. (II) Comparison between groups: Visual musical tasks 1, 2, 3, 4, and 8 positively activated HbO in the prefrontal B and E regions of the brain in children with ASD and negatively activated HbO in TD children. Visual musical tasks 5, 9, 10, and 12 negatively activated HbO in the prefrontal F regions of the brain in children with ASD and positively activated HbO in TD children. Conclusions: When the two groups of children received the same visual music task, the changes of HbO in different regions of the prefrontal lobe were different; The effects of different types of visual music on the frontal lobe of the brain in children with ASD are inconsistent.

Neuron Foundry Mach 8: A Concept of Multi-modal Neuro-supportive Energy Therapy Device for Treating Neurodegenerative Disorders

“…The reported improvements in sleep quality, health status, and behaviour problems by percentages ranging from 3.17% to 33.08% indicate the therapy’s potential to positively impact the overall well-being of individuals with ASD [146]. Moreover, the therapy’s ability to enhance the degree of activation of HbO by 10.0% indicates a possible influence on cerebral oxygenation and perfusion [147]. Impressively, red light therapy demonstrated a significant reduction in irritability, agitation, lethargy, social withdrawal, stereotypic behaviour, hyperactivity, and noncompliance, with percentage improvements ranging from 35.67% to 85.71% [148].…”

Interventions through Art Therapy and Music Therapy in Autism Spectrum Disorder, ADHD, Language Disorders, and Learning Disabilities in Pediatric-Aged Children: A Systematic Review

“…The efficacy of music therapy in enhancing social responsiveness and communication skills in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and language disorders has been demonstrated in multiple studies [ 39 , 44 , 47 , 68 ]. Additionally, music therapy has been shown to alleviate the symptoms of these disorders in children [ 26 , 43 , 53 , 69 , 70 , 71 ], particularly in behaviors [ 39 , 44 , 47 , 53 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 ] and cognitive skills [ 23 , 29 , 73 , 74 , 75 , 76 ].…”

“…In contrast, of the 54 music therapy studies, 85% (46) focus on children with ASD [ 13 , 23 , 26 , 27 , 29 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 58 , 60 , 66 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 , 75 , 76 , 79 , 83 , 84 , 85 , 88 , 89 , 90 , 91 , 92 , 93 , 94 ], 11.3% (6) focus on children with ADHD [ 22 , 41 , 42 , 52 , 72 , 82 , 94 ], and 3.7% (2) focus on children with language disorders [ 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , ...…”

“…In contrast, of the 54 music therapy studies, 85% (46) focus on children with ASD [13,23,26,27,29,[33][34][35][39][40][41][42][43][44][46][47][48][52][53][54]58,60,66,[68][69][70][71][72][73][74][75][76]79,[83][84][85][88][89][90][91][92][93][94], 11.3% (6) focus on children with ADHD [22,41,42,52,72,82,94], and 3.7% (2) focus on children with language disorders .…”

“…In mixed studies, questionnaires and observational records were employed as instruments in six studies (35.29%), while assessment tools and scales were used in ten studies (58.82%), and questionnaires and medical tests were used in conjunction with questionnaires in one study (5.8%) as shown in Table 3. Conners children's behavior questionnaire Chen et al [30]; Zhu [31] OAT (Art Therapy Observation) and EAT-A (Therapist Evaluation) Schweizer et al [32]; Schweizer et al [22] OAT-A (Child Observation) Schweizer et al [22] Electroencephalography (EEG) Ramirez-Melendez et al [33]; Lagasse et al [23]; Kostilainen et al [34]; Yum et al [29] Combined Raven's test Zhu [31]; Rabeyron et al [35] Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) Yum et al [29]; Al-Ayadhi et al [36]; Koo and Thomas [37] 5-HT Park et al [38] ADOS and Assessment of the Quality of Relationship (AQR) Mössler et al [27] AMMT (auditory-motor mapping training) Chenausky et al [39] Laban Movement Analysis (LMA) Moo and Ho [40] Autism Behavior Checklist (ABC) Yurteri and Akdemir [41] Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS-2) and Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development (BSID) Zaro et al [42] BRIEF, CSBQ, and Repetitive Behavior Scale-Revised (RBS-R) Schweizer et al [22] Social Communication Questionnaire (SCQ) and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) Aithal et al [43] DUACS (Voices Together) Schmid et al [44] Conners Scale and the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) Liu et al [45] Vineland Social Maturity Scale (VSMS) Minaabad and Lomar [46] Parent-Child Movement Scale (PCMS) Moo and Ho [40] Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) Shi et al [47] FEATS (Formal Elements Art Therapy Scale) y PPAT (Person Picking an Apple from a Tree Test) Rajabpour et al [48] Impresión Clínica Global (CGI) Rabeyron et al [35] Korean ADHD Rating Scale (K-ADHDDS) and House-Tree-Person Drawing Test (HTP) Lee ...…”