Effects of different parts of Angelica gigas Nakai on brain damages and neuronal death in transient middle artery occlusion/reperfusion-induced ischemic rats

Abstract

Objectives : We compared with the effects of different parts (root head, root body and hairy root) of Angelica gigas Nakai (Angelicae Gigantis Radix, AG) with on middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO)-induced ischemic rats, and on LPS-induced inflammatory response in BV2 microglia. Methods : The 30% ethanol and water extracts of different parts of AG were prepared. Each extract (50 and 100 ㎎/㎏) was administrated intraperitoneally once in MCAO-induced ischemic rats. We measured infarction volumes by TTC staining, and investigated the expression of iNOS, Bax, Bcl-2 and caspase-3 by Western blot. BV2 cells were treated with each extract for 30 min, and then stimulated with LPS. The levels of NO was measured by Griess assay. The expression of iNOS, Cox-2 and proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α , IL-1β , and IL-6) were determined RT-PCR and Western blot. The phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and JNK MAPK was determined by Western blot. Results : Among different parts of AG, the 30% ethanol and water extracts of hairy root significantly decreased infarction volume in ischemic brains and inhibited the expression of iNOS, bax and caspase-3. The extracts of hairy root significantly inhibited LPS-induced production of NO, TNF-α and IL-6 in BV2 cells, and suppressed the expression of iNOS and COX-2. The hairy root extracts attenuated LPS-induced phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and JNK MAPK in BV2 cells. Conclusions : Our results indicate that the root hairy of AG has a good neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects in ischemic stroke compared to other parts.

Neuroprotective Effect of Angelica Gigas Root in a Mouse Model of Ischemic Brain Injury through MAPK Signaling Pathway Regulation

“…There have been previous reports regarding RAG and its constituents' neuroprotective effects [13,14,25], and Shin et al reported that the aqueous extract of RAG attenuated cerebral damage and neuronal death in tMCAO-induced ischemic rats [13]. However, to our knowledge, pharmacokinetics studies on effective dosage of RAG have not been conducted until now.…”

“…According to the theoretical basis of Korean medicine, pathological wind contains internal factors caused by liver dysfunction, re is a stressful condition that can cause stroke, sputum can cause hyperlipemia or cerebral thrombosis, and a lack of life can cause a lack of blood circulation in the body [13,32]. RAG has been widely used in various cardiovascular diseases as it has been reported to affect cardiovascular retarded vasodilation, neuroglutamic acid toxicity, and memory impairment [13]. Therefore, these various neuroprotective properties indicate that RAG could be used to treat ischemic stroke.…”

“…Angelica gigas Nakai (Apiaceae), also called Korean angelica, is a perennial plant from Asian countries, and in traditional herbal medicine, its roots are used to treat symptoms or disorders caused by bloodde ciency [13]. Several studies have investigated the chemical components and pharmacological activities of A. gigas [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21]. In Korea, the root of A. gigas (RAG) has traditionally been used as a representative blood circulation agent when derived from either source [13,14].…”

“…Several studies have investigated the chemical components and pharmacological activities of A. gigas [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21]. In Korea, the root of A. gigas (RAG) has traditionally been used as a representative blood circulation agent when derived from either source [13,14].…”

“…According to traditional Korean medicine, strokes are mainly caused by blood stasis, and RAG has been widely used by traditional Korean medicine practitioners to treat ischemia-related diseases [13][14][15]. Pharmacologically, it has been reported to have anticancer and antibacterial effects, antioxidant activity, and to improve circulatory diseases activity [15][16][17][18][19].…”