Effects of Different Dietary Fat Types on Postprandial Appetite and Energy Expenditure

Abstract

FLINT, ANNE, BERIT HELT, ANNE RABEN, SØREN TOUBRO, AND ARNE ASTRUP. Effects of different dietary fat types on postprandial appetite and energy expenditure. Obes Res. 2003;11:1449 -1455. Objective: Observational studies suggest that monounsaturated (MUFA) and trans fatty acids (TRANS) are more fattening than polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the acute effect of intake of PUFA, MUFA, or TRANS on appetite and energy expenditure (EE). Research Methods and Procedures:Three test meals were randomly given in a cross-over design to 19 overweight (BMI: 26.8 Ϯ 0.4 kg/m 2 ), young (25.2 Ϯ 0.7 years) men. The fat-rich breakfasts (0.8 g fat/kg body weight, 60% energy from fat) varied only in the source of C:18-fat. EE was measured continuously in a respiration chamber, and appetite sensations were rated by visual analog scales before and every 30 minutes, for 5 hours, after the meal. After 5 hours, an ad libitum meal was served, and energy intake was registered. Sensory evaluations of all meals were given using visual analog scales. Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA. Results: There were no differences in basal or postprandial values of appetite ratings and EE, in subsequent ad libitum energy intake, or in the sensory evaluation of the test meals among the 3 test days. Discussion: Giving acutely large amounts of MUFA, PUFA, or TRANS did not impose any differences in appetite and EE in overweight humans. However, studies with extended protocols and other subject groups are warranted to investigate the long-term effect of dietary fat quality on the regulation of energy balance and body weight.

Trans fatty acids and weight gain

“…The strength of this evidence needs to be considered against the background of the lack of a plausible biological mechanism that can explain differences in energy utilization or fat deposition between different dietary FA. 48 N ¼ 19, M, isoenergetic meals 0-32% of E from TFA Acute post-prandial appetite X Ad libitum energy intake X Energy efficiency X Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; E, energy; F, female; FA, fatty acid; HPFS, Health Professionals' Follow-up Study; M, male; NR, not reported; TFA, trans fatty acids. 'X' means that there is no negative effect of TFA.…”

“…46 Another meal study that evaluated the effect of TFA on appetite, energy intake and energy efficiency failed to observe any difference between diets. 48 The results of the prospective cohort and primate studies do seem to tell a cohesive story, but there is a lack of supporting data from meal studies or RCTs, and conflicting results in the cell and rodent models. It is also difficult to identify a clear mechanism for an effect of TFA on weight gain.…”

“…The effect of different C18 isomers on appetite and energy expenditure was assessed in 19 overweight young men given three isoenergetic test meals (0-32% of E from TFA). 48 The energy content of the meal was adjusted so that each participant consumed 0.8 g of fat per kg body weight. Energy efficiency (respiratory gas exchange) was measured continuously, and appetite rated by visual analogue scales.…”

Acute effects of epigallocatechin gallate from green tea on oxidation and tissue incorporation of dietary lipids in mice fed a high-fat diet

“…It is well known that diets high in unsaturated fatty acids lead to lower body fat accumulation and decreased plasma lipids compared with diets high in saturated fatty acids. [42][43][44] Feeding of the corn oil containing diet (experiment 2) resulted in lower plasma lipids compared with the HF diet with mainly palm kernel fat as fat source (experiment 1). Reduction of plasma lipids by EGCG was thus evident only in mice fed saturated fatty acids, which strongly increased plasma triglycerides.…”

Functional Analysis of Seven Genes Linked to Body Mass Index and Adiposity by Genome-Wide Association Studies: A Review

“…Subsequent data indicated that because GLP-1 is rapidly degraded before it reaches the systemic circulation, this action is probably because GLP-1 stimulates sensory afferents in the gastrointestinal mucosa, which signal to both the brain stem and hypothalamus [45] . Nevertheless, direct infusions of physiologically relevant levels of GLP-1 were effective in reducing appetite [31] , pointing to a dual mechanism. In contrast, GIP infusion in humans also impacted appetite sensations, but in the opposite direction [20] .…”