Effects of diets containing soybean meal on trypsin mRNA expression and activity in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L)

A nutrigenomic analysis of intestinal response to partial soybean meal replacement in diets for juvenile Atlantic halibut, Hippoglossus hippoglossus, L.

“…Aminopeptidase M/aminopeptidase N also showed an increase in transcription in Atlantic cod fed 24% SBM . Interestingly, introduction of SBM-containing diet to Atlantic salmon did not cause any change in pancreatic transcription of two trypsin isoforms despite higher levels of trypsin enzymatic activity in the distal intestine (Lilleeng et al, 2007b)a n di nf a e c e s ( Krogdahl et al, 2003;Romarheim et al, 2006). However, in rainbow trout there was an increase in pancreatic protease activity that was presumed to be in response to trypsin inhibitors present in SBM (Dabrowski et al, 1989).…”

“…Proliferation of distal intestine enterocytes of SBM-fed Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar was observed using antibodies against PCNA (Sanden et al, 2005) and changes in trypsin activity and gene expression have also been observed in both Atlantic salmon (Krogdahl et al, 2003;Lilleeng et al, 2007b) and rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Romarheim et al, 2006). In addition to morphological studies, analyses of immunological , metabolic and hormonal factors (BakkeMcKellep et al, 2007b) have been performed to investigate the salmonid response to soy protein.…”

Criteria for Safe Use of Plant Ingredients in Diets for Aquacultured Fish

“…The histological changes in the pancreas include adipose cell accumulation, and increased cytoplasmic density and reduced nucleus size in the exocrine cells of fish fed 32% soy protein concentrate and 44% SBM in their diets. These changes in the exocrine cells indicate a depletion of the enzyme-containing granules at high dietary levels of SBM (Ostaszewska et al, 2005) and may explain the reduced trypsin activity in intestinal contents mentioned above (Olli et al, 1994a;Lilleeng et al, 2007). In the liver, irregularly sized hepatocytes with pyknotic nuclei were observed in trout fed soy protein concentrate, and fatty accumulation in hepatocytes was seen in fish fed SBM (Ostaszewska et al, 2005).…”

“…In another study, reducing the dietary content of solvent-extracted SBM from 45 to 22.5% led to improved growth and feed efficiency in channel catfish fingerlings (Barros et al, 2002). The reasons for the lowered lipid and protein digestibility in Atlantic salmon fed SBM may at least be partly explained by reports of lowered bile acid concentrations , which may affect lipid digestion and absorption, as well as trypsin activity (Olli et al, 1994a;Lilleeng et al, 2007), which may affect protein digestion, in the intestinal contents of the proximal (including the pyloric caeca) and mid intestine. Since these regions of the intestine together have been reported to be responsible for more than 90% of the total apparent absorptive capacity for lipid and amino acid nitrogen (Krogdahl et al, 1999), these decreases in bile acid concentration and trypsin activity can have substantial implications for the intestinal digestion and ultimate absorption of these nutrients.…”

Digestion of a single meal affects gene expression of ion and ammonia transporters and glutamine synthetase activity in the gastrointestinal tract of freshwater rainbow trout

“…; dipeptide transporters,Ostaszewska et al 2010;Bakke et al 2010; trypsin, Lui et al 2007;Lilleeng et al 2007; fatty acid desaturase,Leaver et al 2006;Geay et al 2010) or hormonal regulation of feeding (e.g. leptin,Ronnestad et al 2010; Ostaszewska The effect of feeding on the relative mRNA expression of H ?…”