Effects of dietary vitamin C and vitamin E on the growth, antioxidant defence and digestive enzyme activities of juvenile discus fish (Symphysodon haraldi)

Abstract

A 56‐day experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of dietary vitamin C and vitamin E on the growth, antioxidant status and digestive enzyme activities of discus fish (Symphysodon haraldi; initial body weight: 7.96 ± 0.61 g and body length: 5.45 ± 0.65 cm). Animals were fed with 13 different diets including one control diet and 12 treatment diets containing four levels of vitamin C (magnesium‐L‐ascorbyl‐2‐phosphate; 40, 80, 120 and 160 mg/kg) crossed with three levels of vitamin E (DL‐α‐tocopheryl acetate; 40, 80 and 120 mg/kg). The results showed that the fish fed diets containing additional vitamin C (40 mg/kg) and vitamin E (80 mg/kg) showed higher specific growth rate, length growth rate, total antioxidant capacity and protease activity but had lower feed conversion ratio and total superoxide dismutase activity than those fed the control diet. Collectively, these findings suggest that the inclusion of additional 40 mg/kg of vitamin C and 80 mg/kg of vitamin E in the basal diet could have beneficial effect on the growth, antioxidant defence and digestion of S. haraldi.

Lemon balm and sage herbal teas: Quantity and infusion time on the benefit of the content

“…There is usually a significant relationship between polyphenols and antioxidant activities of plants (Beretta et al, 2017;Liu et al, 2019). In this study, the total phenolic contents of the herbal teas were positively correlated to antioxidant activity measured by DPPH (R 2 =0.956) and H 2 O 2 (R 2 =0.979) with highly significant correlation.…”

“…Sage and lemon balm have very power antioxidant activity because of rich phenolic components (especially rosmarinic acid) and vitamin C content (Nicolai et al, 2016;Liu et al, 2019). Determination of antioxidant activities of the herbal teas were performed with two common methods DPPH and H 2 O 2 radicals scavenging activities in the present study.…”

“…Vitamin C is a water-soluble essential vitamin found high ratio in sage and lemon balm. Previous studies reported that Vitamin C slowed skin aging through stimulating collagen synthesis and also prevented various types of cancer (Verrax;Calderon, 2009;Chen et al, 2011), the oxidative stress (Harrison, 2012) and had strong antioxidant activity (Liu et al, 2019). Therefore, drinking herbal tea of Sage and lemon balms is of great importance for the human diet that contributed to increase its nutritional and health benefits value.…”

Growth and Antioxidant-Related Effects of the Reestablished Ascorbic Acid Pathway in Zebrafish (Danio rerio) by Genomic Integration of L-Gulonolactone Oxidase From Cloudy Catshark (Scyliorhinus torazame)

“…AA can function independently or in conjugation with vitamin E ( Liu et al, 2019 ). Indeed, AA shows a separate role as an antioxidant due to its high water solubility compared with vitamin E ( Kurutas, 2015 ).…”

Effects of fermented mulberry leaves on growth, serum antioxidant capacity, digestive enzyme activities and microbial compositions of the intestine in crucian ( Carassius carassius )

“…Our results showed that the digestive enzyme activities in the intestine of crucian were the highest when 5% FMLs were added, indicating that the addition of 5% FMLs may promote the activity of digestive enzymes in crucian intestines. We speculated that the digestive enzyme activities in the intestine of crucian may be associated with polysaccharides, folic acid, linoleic acid and other vitamins (Singh & Makkar, 2000), because vitamins promote the activities of digestive enzymes in the intestine of crucian (He et al, 2017;Liu et al, 2019;Qi et al, 2017;Xun et al, 2019), while polysaccharides induce the expression of digestive enzymes (Long et al, 2020).…”