Effects of dietary thyme essential oil on hemato-immunological indices, intestinal morphology, and microbiota of Nile tilapia

Valladão, Gustavo Moraes Ramos; Gallani, Sílvia Umeda; Kotzent, Suzana; Assane, Inácio Mateus; Pilarski, Fabiana

doi:10.1007/s10499-018-0332-5

Cited by 32 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…In present work, the inclusion of up to 2 ml/kg feed of thyme oils over 2 months did not alter these enzymes activity in trout, indicating thyme oils at up to 2 ml/kg feed can be considered as a safe additive in trout. Similar findings have been illustrated recently by Valladão et al (), who found no significant difference in levels of ALT and AST of tilapia fed thyme oils at 0.1%–1% for 15 days. In contrast, Hoseini and Yousefi () demonstrated thyme extract at 5–20 g/kg feed suppressed AST and ALT levels in rainbow trout during 2 weeks experiment; and Zadmajid and Mohammadi () measured a significant decrease in values of these enzymes in carp ( Carassius auratus gibelio ) with an increasing in dietary thyme oils up to 800 mg/kg feed.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Thus, such a positive effect by thyme on fish growth may in part be due to an improvement of the physiological conditions of fish alimentary tract. This was supported by no difference in the intestinal morphology and gut Bacillus bacteria of tilapia fed thyme oils at up‐to 1% for 15 days (Valladão, Gallani, Kotzent, Assane, & Pilarski, ). However, effect of thyme oils on the digestive gastrointestinal enzymes warranted further research.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Dietary effects of 1% thyme as a feed additive for 45 days in tilapia also enhanced immunocompetent cell population, lysozyme and phagocytic activities (Gültepe, Bilen, Yılmaz, Güroy, & Aydın, ). In contrast, tilapia fed 0.1%–1% thyme oils for 15 days demonstrated did not alter lysozyme, complement and respiratory activities compared to control fish (Valladão et al, ). Thus, fish species, source of thyme and duration of administration are factors can significantly affect the obtained results.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Growth performance, immune response and disease resistance of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fedThymus vulgarisessential oils

et al. 2019

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Efficacy of Thymus vulgaris essential oils was assessed on growth, immune response and disease resistance of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Fish weighing 10 g were fed with dietary supplemented of the oils at 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 ml/kg feed for 2 months. Fish fed with the oils at 0.5 ml/kg feed demonstrated a better weight gain and specific growth rate, compared to other treatments (p < .05). Fish fed with 1.0 ml the oils showed the highest up‐regulation of complement component 3 (C3) and (cluster of differentiation 4) (CD4) genes expression (p < .05), while lysozyme gene expression level significantly increased in fish fed with 2.0 ml of the oils. In addition, at the end of the experiment, the expression of C3 and CD4 genes were significantly up‐regulated in fish fed with 1.0 and 2.0 ml of the oils, while IL‐1ß and lysozyme genes expression levels were significantly decreased in fish fed 2.0 ml oils, towards the end of the trial (p < .05). There was a fluctuation in the levels of Alanine aminotransferase, Aspartate aminotransferase and Alkaline phosphatase in all treatments during the experiment. When treated fish were challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila, the highest survival rate was observed in 0.5 ml/kg treatment, followed by 2 and 1 mg/kg treatments. Overall, these findings demonstrated that dietary administration of T. vulgaris oils especially at 0.5 mg/kg feed can be considered as a potential component for enhancing of the growth, immune responses and disease resistance of trout against motile Aeromonas septicemia caused by A. hydrophila.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Growth performance, immune response and disease resistance of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fedThymus vulgarisessential oils

et al. 2019

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“…Previous studies have demonstrated that EO from some plants can be used to enhance immunity in fish as well as killing of certain bacteria and parasites of fish (i.e. Acar, Kesbiç, Yılmaz, Gültepe, & Türker, ; Brum et al, ; Brum et al, ; Ngugi, Oyoo‐Okoth, & Muchiri, ; Sutili et al, ; Sutili, Murari, et al, ; Sutili, Velasquez, et al, ; Valladão et al, ; Valladão, Gallani, Kotzent, Assane, & Pilarski, ; Valladão et al, ). However, the usage of EO or their isolated compounds as dietary supplements in fish is still limited in scope and application.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of dietary levels of essential oil extracts from Moringa oleifera and Artemisia afra on kidney histology, haemato‐immunological parameters and disease resistance in Clarias gariepinus

Mbokane

Moyo

2019

Aquac Res

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This experiment investigated the effect of dietary supplementation with essential oils from Artemisia afra and Moringa oleifera on haemato‐immunological parameters and resistance in Clarias gariepinus (African Sharptooth catfish) (Burchell, 1822) challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila. The experiment lasted for 45 days. Prior to and postchallenge, white blood cells significantly increased (p < .05) from the 3% to 12% M. oleifera and A. afra supplementation. Pre‐challenge, no significant differences (p > .05) in red blood cells, haemoglobin and haematocrit were observed between the control and M. oleifera supplementation, while in the A. afra supplementation, RBC and HCT significantly increased from the 6% to 12%. Postchallenge, RBC, HGB and HCT were significantly lower (p < .05) in the control and the 3% and 6% M. oleifera and A. afra supplementation. Both pre‐ and postchallenge, nitro‐blue tetrazolium levels significantly increased (p < .05) from the 3% to 12% M. oleifera supplementation while no significant differences (p > .05) were observed in lysozyme activity between the control and treatment groups. In A. afra, NBT and lysozyme activities increased significantly (p < .05) from the 6% to 12% supplementation pre‐ and postchallenge. Survival rate increased from the 3% to 12% in M. oleifera and A. afra supplementation groups. Significant kidney histological alterations were noted in the control and the 3% and 6% supplementation of both plants postchallenge, while no major histological changes were observed between treatment groups and the control pre‐challenge. The results demonstrate that EO from M. oleifera and A. afra can improve immunity and enhance survival in C. gariepinus.

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“…It has been reported that the addition of thymol oil to the rainbow trout diet had a significant reduction in alkaline phosphatase and aspartate transaminase (AST) levels, but alanine transaminase (ALT) level did not exhibit any significant effect (Zargar et al 2019). Valladão et al (2019) clarified that the addition of 1% thyme oil in the Nile tilapia diets increased significantly lymphocytes and leucocytes counts; however, no significant effect was detected in the majority of blood biochemical like total protein, albumin, globulin, and ALT and AST levels. Additionally, liver activities (AST and ALT) were significantly decreased when rainbow trout fed diets supplemented with thyme extracts (10 g kg À1 diet) compared with the control (Hoseini & Yousefi 2018).…”

Section: Hemato-biochemical Indicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review on the beneficial effect of thymol on health and production of fish

Alagawany

Farag

Abdelnour

et al. 2020

Reviews in Aquaculture

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The thymol molecule is a food additive, used to boost the growth, production and feed efficiency via improving the digestive secretion and activating the structure and function of digestive system. The major application of thymol essential oil is used in animal rations, particularly as a natural feed additive to decrease hazardous compounds in a wide range of animal species. Thymol essential oil plays an important role in improving the nutrient bioavailability, reproductive and productive performance, general health and immunity of livestock besides reducing problems of many animal diseases such as cancer and some other diseases. These roles may be attributed to the ability of thymol as anticancer, antimicrobial, antiviral, antioxidant, immunomodulators, anti-inflammatory and antispasmodic factors through suppressing free radicals and harmful constituents from interacting with cellular biological components and its capability to manipulate the balance of the intestinal microbiota, increased digestion, metabolism and absorption of nutrients. This review elucidates the chemical structure and natural sources, physical proprieties and practical applications of thymol in fish nutrition.

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Effects of dietary thyme essential oil on hemato-immunological indices, intestinal morphology, and microbiota of Nile tilapia

Cited by 32 publications

References 37 publications

Growth performance, immune response and disease resistance of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fedThymus vulgarisessential oils

Growth performance, immune response and disease resistance of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fedThymus vulgarisessential oils

Effects of dietary levels of essential oil extracts from Moringa oleifera and Artemisia afra on kidney histology, haemato‐immunological parameters and disease resistance in Clarias gariepinus

A review on the beneficial effect of thymol on health and production of fish

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