A review on the beneficial effect of thymol on health and production of fish

Alagawany, Mahmoud; Farag, Mayada R.; Abdelnour, Sameh A.; Elnesr, Shaaban S.

doi:10.1111/raq.12490

Cited by 83 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 66 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In most cases, a depressing impact on methanogen and fungal counts was reported [ 210 ]. Ruminal protozoa can also be reduced in response to EO activity [ 211 , 212 ].…”

Section: Eos and Rumen Fermentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Essential Oils in Livestock: From Health to Food Quality

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Using plant essential oils (EOs) contributes to the growing number of natural plants’ applications in livestock. Scientific data supporting the efficacy of EOs as anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and antioxidant molecules accumulates over time; however, the cumulative evidence is not always sufficient. EOs antioxidant properties have been investigated mainly from human perspectives. Still, so far, our review is the first to combine the beneficial supporting properties of EOs in a One Health approach and as an animal product quality enhancer, opening new possibilities for their utilization in the livestock and nutrition sectors. We aim to compile the currently available data on the main anti-inflammatory effects of EOs, whether encapsulated or not, with a focus on mammary gland inflammation. We will also review the EOs’ antioxidant activities when given in the diet or as a food preservative to counteract oxidative stress. We emphasize EOs’ in vitro and in vivo ruminal microbiota and mechanisms of action to promote animal health and performance. Given the concept of DOHaD (Developmental Origin of Health and Diseases), supplementing animals with EOs in early life opens new perspectives in the nutrition sector. However, effective evaluation of the significant safety components is required before extending their use to livestock and veterinary medicine.

show abstract

“…In most cases, a depressing impact on methanogen and fungal counts was reported [ 210 ]. Ruminal protozoa can also be reduced in response to EO activity [ 211 , 212 ].…”

Section: Eos and Rumen Fermentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Essential Oils in Livestock: From Health to Food Quality

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…alexandri without causing changes in somatic indexes. The beneficial effects of OEO on fish growth are generally attributed to the antimicrobial property of the phenolic compounds carvacrol and thymol (Alagawany et al, 2021; El‐Hack et al, 2016; Giannenas et al, 2012) and to the modulation of the intestinal microbiota (Giannenas et al, 2012; Ran et al, 2016; Zhang et al, 2020). In addition, OEO can increase the nutrient digestibility (Espirito Santo et al, 2019; Giannenas et al, 2012; Zheng et al, 2009) by the activation of digestive enzymes (Zhang et al, 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oregano essential oil ( Origanum vulgare ) dietary supplementation improved growth performance, body protein retention and muscle hyperplasia of the Neotropical catfish Lophiosilurus alexandri

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The use of essential oils (EO's) as feed additive has been explored as tool to improve fish growth and health. The aim of this study was to evaluate the oregano essential oil (OEO) (Origanum vulgare) dietary supplementation for the catfish Lophiosilurus alexandri. Four diets supplemented with different OEO levels (0.0, 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 g kg−1) were evaluated in a feed trial conducted with fish of 15.7 ± 1.8 g and 9.5 ± 0.45 cm for 13 weeks. Were evaluated growth performance, biochemical parameters, intestinal histomorphometry, whole‐body composition and muscle growth. Polynomial analysis showed that weight gain, length gain and specific growth rate were improved in fish fed with OEO supplemented diets, being 2.37, 2.56 and 2.33 g kg−1 the respective levels that maximize these variables. Plasma glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL and HDL increased with OEO levels between 1.80–2.47 g kg−1. Intestinal histomorphometry was not affected by OEO. Body protein content and hyperplasic muscle fibres were maximized with 2.10 and 2.25 g kg−1 OEO, respectively. Body moisture, total lipids, ash and hypertrophic muscle fibres were not affected by OEO. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with 2.10–2.56 g kg−1 OEO improves growth performance, body protein retention and muscle growth of L. alexandri.

show abstract

“…The health promoting effects of oregano, thyme and their derivates in fish have been recently reviewed (55,125). Concerning their impact upon fish mucosal immunity, several nutritional studies have described beneficial effects of phytogenics derived from oregano, thyme and other plants of the Lamiaceae family upon the mucosal tissues in several fish species (Table 1).…”

Section: Effect Of Dietary Terpene Phenolic Compounds Upon Fish Mucosal Immunitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytogenic Bioactive Compounds Shape Fish Mucosal Immunity

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Aquaculture growth will unavoidably involve the implementation of innovative and sustainable production strategies, being functional feeds among the most promising ones. A wide spectrum of phytogenics, particularly those containing terpenes and organosulfur compounds, are increasingly studied in aquafeeds, due to their growth promoting, antimicrobial, immunostimulant, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and sedative properties. This trend relies on the importance of the mucosal barrier in the fish defense. Establishing the phytogenics’ mode of action in mucosal tissues is of importance for further use and safe administration. Although the impact of phytogenics upon fish mucosal immunity has been extensively approached, most of the studies fail in addressing the mechanisms underlying their pharmacological effects. Unstandardized testing as an extended practice also questions the reproducibility and safety of such studies, limiting the use of phytogenics at commercial scale. The information presented herein provides insight on the fish mucosal immune responses to phytogenics, suggesting their mode of action, and ultimately encouraging the practice of reliable and reproducible research for novel feed additives for aquafeeds. For proper screening, characterization and optimization of their mode of action, we encourage the evaluation of purified compounds using in vitro systems before moving forward to in vivo trials. The formulation of additives with combinations of compounds previously characterized is recommended to avoid bacterial resistance. To improve the delivery of phytogenics and overcome limitations associated to compounds volatility and susceptibility to degradation, the use of encapsulation is advisable. Besides, newer approaches and dedicated methodologies are needed to elucidate the phytogenics pharmacokinetics and mode of action in depth.

show abstract

A review on the beneficial effect of thymol on health and production of fish

Cited by 83 publications

References 66 publications

Essential Oils in Livestock: From Health to Food Quality

Essential Oils in Livestock: From Health to Food Quality

Oregano essential oil ( Origanum vulgare ) dietary supplementation improved growth performance, body protein retention and muscle hyperplasia of the Neotropical catfish Lophiosilurus alexandri

Phytogenic Bioactive Compounds Shape Fish Mucosal Immunity

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About