Effects of dietary supplementation with krill meal on serum pro-inflammatory markers after the Iditarod sled dog race

Burri, Lena; Wyse, Cathy; Gray, Stuart R.; Harris, William S.; Lazzerini, Kali

doi:10.1016/j.rvsc.2018.10.002

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…This has important implications for athletes, since a low omega-3 index predisposes to delayed-onset muscle soreness, and increasing the omega-3 index results in less creatine kinase release from muscle, less inflammatory reaction (measured as muscle swelling and pro-inflammatory cytokines in plasma) and less loss of function (51,52) . Joint pain was reduced with a higher omega-3 index, at least in dogs (53) . Joint stability, e.g.…”

Section: Omega-3 Index In Sports Medicinementioning

confidence: 97%

Omega-3 index in 2018/19

Schacky¹

2020

Proc. Nutr. Soc.

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The omega-3 index, the percentage of EPA plus DHA in erythrocytes (measured by standardised analysis), represents a human body's status in EPA and DHA. An omega-3 index is measured in many laboratories around the world; however, even small differences in analytical methods entail large differences in results. Nevertheless, results are frequently related to the target range of 8–11 %, defined for the original and scientifically validated method (HS-Omega-3 Index®), raising ethical issues, and calling for standardisation. No human subject has an omega-3 index <2 %, indicating a vital minimum. Thus, the absence of EPA and DHA cannot be tested against presence. Moreover, clinical events correlate with levels, less with the dose of EPA and DHA, and the bioavailability of EPA and DHA varies inter-individually. Therefore, the effects of EPA and DHA are difficult to demonstrate using typical drug trial methods. Recent epidemiologic data further support the relevance of the omega-3 index in the cardiovascular field, since total mortality, cardiovascular mortality, cardiovascular events such as myocardial infarction or stroke, or blood pressure all correlate inversely with the omega-3 index. The omega-3 index directly correlates with complex brain functions. Compiling recent data supports the target range for the omega-3 index of 8–11 % in pregnancy. Many other potential applications have emerged. Some, but not all health issues mentioned have already been demonstrated to be improved by increasing intake of EPA and DHA. Increasing the omega-3 index into the target range of 8–11 % with individualised doses of toxin-free sources for EPA and DHA is tolerable and safe.

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Section: Omega-3 Index In Sports Medicinementioning

confidence: 97%

Omega-3 index in 2018/19

Schacky¹

2020

Proc. Nutr. Soc.

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“…Iditarod is perhaps the most extreme endurance exercise performed by any domestic animal, and markers of oxidative stress, inflammation, and skeletal muscle damage were shown to be increased after the race [ 6 ]. Nevertheless, a previous study demonstrated that omega-3 PUFAs from krill meal improved inflammation and muscle damage in dogs competing in the 2016 Iditarod dog sled race [ 7 ]. In light of these studies, there is a clear interest in increasing EPA and DHA in the diet of all dogs and in particular, for Alaskan Huskies, the animal model of this study.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A typical omega-3 source is fish oil, where the omega-3 PUFAs are bound to triglycerides (TGs), but more recently also products from krill have been included in diets for pets [ 7 , 8 ]. Krill meal is made from Antarctic krill ( Euphausia superba ) to provide a mix of proteins and fat, the latter being characterized by a high content of omega-3 PUFAs bound in PLs [ 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Higher omega-3 index after dietary inclusion of omega-3 phospholipids versus omega-3 triglycerides in Alaskan Huskies

2020

Self Cite

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Background and Aim: Numerous studies have found benefits of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), namely, for eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in dogs. The objective of the present study was to assess the efficacy of dietary inclusion of equal amounts of omega-3 FAs in phospholipid (PL) from krill meal to triglyceride structure from fish oil to increase the omega-3 FA profile in red blood cells (RBCs) in dogs. Materials and Methods: Ten adult Alaskan Huskies of both genders were supplemented with daily 1.7 g EPA and DHA from krill meal for 6 weeks, while another ten dogs received 1.7 g EPA and DHA from fish oil. FA and omega-3 index measurements of the two groups were taken after 0, 3, and 6 weeks for comparison. Results: It was mainly the EPA levels that increased in the krill meal group (from 1.84% to 4.42%) compared to the fish oil group (from 1.90% to 2.46%) (p<0.001), which drove the group differences in the omega-3 index. This resulted in the krill meal group having a mean omega-3 index increase from 3.9 at baseline to 6.3%, which was significantly greater than the increase from 3.9% to 4.7% observed in the fish oil group (p<0.001). Concomitantly, omega-6 PUFAs, such as arachidonic acid and linoleic acid, were reduced in RBC membranes and the omega-6 to omega-3 ratio was significantly more reduced in the krill meal compared to the fish oil group. Conclusion: The results showed that krill meal supplementation was associated with a reduction of omega-6 PUFAs, which compensated for the increased omega-3 index, suggesting that PLs are efficient delivery molecules of omega-3 PUFAs.

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“…Krill meal, which is produced from whole ground krill, is a combination of high-quality protein containing all EAAs and lipids that are rich in omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids [16]. Because of its nutritional profile and feed attractant properties, krill meal is extensively used in aquaculture and pet feeds [17][18][19]. For humans, the benefits of supplementation of only the lipid part (krill oil) and protein/lipid mixes (krill powder/krill protein concentrate) have been investigated in various pre-clinical and clinical studies [20,21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Krill Protein Hydrolysate Provides High Absorption Rate for All Essential Amino Acids—A Randomized Control Cross-Over Trial

Thøgersen

Bertram

Vangsoe³

et al. 2021

Nutrients

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Background: adequate protein intake is essential to humans and, since the global demand for protein-containing foods is increasing, identifying new high-quality protein sources is needed. In this study, we investigated the acute postprandial bioavailability of amino acids (AAs) from a krill protein hydrolysate compared to a soy and a whey protein isolate. Methods: the study was a randomized, placebo-controlled crossover trial including ten healthy young males. On four non-consecutive days, volunteers consumed water or one of three protein-matched supplements: whey protein isolate, soy protein isolate or krill protein hydrolysate. Blood samples were collected prior to and until 180 min after consumption. Serum postprandial AA concentrations were determined using 1H NMR spectroscopy. Hunger and satiety were assessed using visual analogue scales (VAS). Results: whey and krill resulted in significantly higher AA concentrations compared to soy between 20–60 min and 20–40 min after consumption, respectively. Area under the curve (AUC) analyses revealed that whey resulted in the highest postprandial serum concentrations of essential AAs (EAAs) and branched chain AAs (BCAAs), followed by krill and soy, respectively. Conclusions: krill protein hydrolysate increases postprandial serum EAA and BCAA concentrations in a superior manner to soy protein isolate and thus might represent a promising future protein source in human nutrition.

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Effects of dietary supplementation with krill meal on serum pro-inflammatory markers after the Iditarod sled dog race

Cited by 9 publications

References 28 publications

Omega-3 index in 2018/19

Omega-3 index in 2018/19

Higher omega-3 index after dietary inclusion of omega-3 phospholipids versus omega-3 triglycerides in Alaskan Huskies

Krill Protein Hydrolysate Provides High Absorption Rate for All Essential Amino Acids—A Randomized Control Cross-Over Trial

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