Krill Protein Hydrolysate Provides High Absorption Rate for All Essential Amino Acids—A Randomized Control Cross-Over Trial

Abstract

Background: adequate protein intake is essential to humans and, since the global demand for protein-containing foods is increasing, identifying new high-quality protein sources is needed. In this study, we investigated the acute postprandial bioavailability of amino acids (AAs) from a krill protein hydrolysate compared to a soy and a whey protein isolate. Methods: the study was a randomized, placebo-controlled crossover trial including ten healthy young males. On four non-consecutive days, volunteers consumed water or one of three protein-matched supplements: whey protein isolate, soy protein isolate or krill protein hydrolysate. Blood samples were collected prior to and until 180 min after consumption. Serum postprandial AA concentrations were determined using 1H NMR spectroscopy. Hunger and satiety were assessed using visual analogue scales (VAS). Results: whey and krill resulted in significantly higher AA concentrations compared to soy between 20–60 min and 20–40 min after consumption, respectively. Area under the curve (AUC) analyses revealed that whey resulted in the highest postprandial serum concentrations of essential AAs (EAAs) and branched chain AAs (BCAAs), followed by krill and soy, respectively. Conclusions: krill protein hydrolysate increases postprandial serum EAA and BCAA concentrations in a superior manner to soy protein isolate and thus might represent a promising future protein source in human nutrition.

Postprandial Effects of Salmon Fishmeal and Whey on Metabolic Markers in Serum and Gene Expression in Liver Cells

“…We found that 22 out of 28 amino acids/amino acid derivatives increased significantly after the intake of protein (Figure 2 and Figure S1). Most of these amino acids reached the highest concentration after 60 min, while some seemed to peak at 30 min, in line with what has been reported earlier [27][28][29][30]. While no differences in the total amino acid or total essential amino acid concentration were observed between the intake of fishmeal and whey, the difference in the postprandial response was significant for cystathionine and 2-aminobutyric acid (AMBA) and for the four amino acids arginine, glycine, methionine and serine, which all appeared to give a larger or faster increase with fishmeal as compared to whey (Figure 2).…”

“…The intake of protein is expected to increase the serum levels of amino acids, and most, if not all, amino acid concentrations peak 30-60 min after a protein-rich meal [27][28][29][30]. We therefore measured the concentration of 28 different amino acids and amino acid derivatives in serum 30 and 60 min postprandially using HPLC-MS/MS (Figure 2).…”

Sliver carp muscle hydrolysate ameliorated atherosclerosis and liver injury in apoE -/- mice: the modulator effects on enterohepatic cholesterol metabolism

“…Besides, dietary supplementation with aromatic amino acids (especially phenylalanine) ameliorated hepatic steatosis by promoting the synthesis and excretion of bile acids [46]. Although these findings showed intervention of the corresponding amino acid components has comparable effects, bioactive peptides rich in these amino acids have more advantages like lower production costs, higher absorption efficiency, and better palatability [47]. Previous studies found the LPYPR and VPDPR form soybean protein hydrolysate significantly alleviated hypercholesteremia mainly due to their C-terminal PR amino acid motifs [48].…”

Acute changes in the metabolome following resistance exercise combined with intake of different protein sources (cricket, pea, whey)

“…Based on the analyses of bio uids such as urine and blood, numerous investigations have reported the application of metabolomics in the study of dietary interventions with various food items (Bertram, 2023;Gibbons et al, 2015). Metabolomics studies focused on examining the acute effects of protein intake have mainly been conducted on blood samples (Skov et al, 2019;Thøgersen et al, 2021a;Thøgersen et al, 2021b), while acute metabolomics studies on urine are scarce. Nevertheless, Madrid-Gambin et al (2018) employed nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolomics to elucidate changes in urinary metabolites in 1-h intervals immediately after consumption of different pulses including lentils, chickpeas, and beans.…”