Effects of dietary rumen–protected Lys levels on rumen fermentation and bacterial community composition in Holstein heifers

Kong, Fanrong; Gao, Yanxia; Tang, Minghua; Fu, Tong; Diao, Qiyu; Bi, Yanliang; Yan, Tiebin

doi:10.1007/s00253-020-10684-y

Cited by 21 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Concerning the ruminal samples from our heifers, Firmicutes was the most abundant phylum (52% and 57%), followed by Bacteroidetes (41% and 36% for the CON and SUP heifers, respectively). The composition of the rumen bacterial population in this study was similar to that of the known bacterial population of cattle, which is dominated mainly by Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, regardless of breed and diet [39,40]. In crossbred heifers, Martinez-Fernandez [41] also detected a preeminence of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes; however, in their study, the abundance of Bacteroidetes was greatest in ruminal environments.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Effects of Concentrate Supplementation on the Organic Matter Intake, Rumen Fermentation and Bacterial Community of Grazing Simmental Heifers

Chen

Wang

Simujide

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background: In grazing systems, supplementation is an effective way to improve ruminant performance. Little is known regarding how concentrate supplementation affects rumen fermentation and the bacterial community of grazing animals in the grasslands of northern China. Therefore, the objective of this study was to examine the effects of concentrate supplementation on the organic matter intake, rumen fermentation and bacterial community of grazing Simmental heifers. Twenty-four 7-month-old heifers were randomly divided into a supplement group and a control group (n = 12 per group). The control group heifers were grazed on a Leymus chinensis-based pasture without any supplementation (CON), while those in the supplement group (SUP) were grazed on the same grassland but received a concentrate supplement.Results: Compared with the CON heifers, those in the SUP group had a greater (P < 0.05) total organic matter (OM) intake and digestibility. However, heifers from the CON group had a higher (P < 0.05) herbage OM intake than those from the SUP group. The total VFA and NH3-N concentrations were significantly higher in the SUP group than in the CON group; of these, propionate, butyrate, and isobutyrate were also significantly increased in the SUP group. Furthermore, the acetate/propionate ratio was significantly decreased in the SUP group. Compared with the CON heifers, those in the SUP group had a higher bacterial richness. Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were the two predominant bacteria at the phylum level, representing 54.32% and 38.59% of all sequences, respectively. Compared with the CON animals, the SUP animals showed significant (p < 0.05) increases in the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes and Verrucomicrobia, but supplementation did not affect the relative abundance of other bacteria at the phylum level. At the genus level, different diet treatments had an important effect on the relative abundance of the major genera (Fig. 3C). The relative abundance of the genus Butyrivibrio was greater (p < 0.05) in the SUP group than in the CON group. The relative abundances of the genera Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group, Ruminococcaceae_UCG-010 and Ruminococcaceae_UCG-011 were higher (p < 0.05) in the CON group than in the SUP group.Conclusions: In conclusion, providing 1.28 kg of supplement (DM basis) is a nutritional management strategy that can be adopted to improve the rumen fermentation, organic matter intake and digestibility of grazing heifers. Furthermore, supplementation has significant effects on the microbial community in the rumen of heifers, which might contribute to the anatomic development of the rumen, and these findings will contribute to the direction of future research in grazing heifers.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Effects of Concentrate Supplementation on the Organic Matter Intake, Rumen Fermentation and Bacterial Community of Grazing Simmental Heifers

Chen

Wang

Simujide

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…The DNA extract was analyzed on a 1% agarose gel, and DNA concentration and purity were determined using a NanoDrop 2000 UV–vis spectrophotometer (Thermo Scientific, Wilmington, DE, USA). The hypervariable region V3-V4 of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene was amplified with primer pairs 338F (5′-ACTCCTACGGGAGGCAGCAG-3’) and 806R (5′–GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT-3′) using an ABI GeneAmp ® 9700 PCR thermocycler (ABI, Foster City, CA, USA) [ 38 ]. The PCR amplification of the 16S rRNA gene was performed according to Kong et al [ 38 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The hypervariable region V3-V4 of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene was amplified with primer pairs 338F (5′-ACTCCTACGGGAGGCAGCAG-3’) and 806R (5′–GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT-3′) using an ABI GeneAmp ® 9700 PCR thermocycler (ABI, Foster City, CA, USA) [ 38 ]. The PCR amplification of the 16S rRNA gene was performed according to Kong et al [ 38 ]. The PCR product was extracted from a 2% agarose gel and purified using an AxyPrep DNA Gel Extraction Kit (Axygen Biosciences, Union City, CA, USA) according to the manufacturer’s instructions, and quantified using a Quantus™ Fluorometer (Promega, Madison, WI, USA).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acremonium terricola Culture’s Dose–Response Effects on Lactational Performance, Antioxidant Capacity, and Ruminal Characteristics in Holstein Dairy Cows

et al. 2022

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Acremonium terricola culture (ATC) has similar bioactive constituents to Cordyceps and is known for its nutrient and pharmacological value, indicating the potential of ATC as a new feed additive in dairy cow feeding. The primary aim of this experiment was to investigate the effects of increasing amounts of ATC in diets on milk performance, antioxidant capacity, and rumen fermentation, and the secondary aim was to evaluate the potential effects of high doses of ATC. A total of 60 multiparous Holstein cows (110 ± 21 days in milk; 2.53 ± 0.82 parity) were assigned into 15 blocks and randomly assigned to one of four groups: 0, 30, 60, or 300 g/d of ATC per cow for 97 days. Data were analyzed using repeated measures in the Mixed procedure. Dry-matter intake was not changed (p > 0.05), while energy-corrected milk and fat-corrected milk yields increased linearly and quadratically, and somatic cell count in milk decreased linearly and quadratically (p < 0.05). The lactation efficiency and the yields of milk fat and protein increased linearly (p < 0.05). On day 90, serum catalase level, total oxidative capacity, glutathione peroxidase, immunoglobulin A, and immunoglobulin M concentrations were significantly higher in the 60 and 300 g/d groups than in the 0 g/d group (p < 0.05). ATC addition showed linear effects on total volatile fatty acid (VFA), acetate, branched VFA concentrations, and rumen pH (p < 0.05). Supplementing 60 and 300 g/d ATC significantly affected the bacterial composition (p < 0.05). The relative abundance of Christensenellaceae_R–7_group and Lachnospiraceae_NK3A20_group were significantly increased by 60 g/d supplementation, and the relative abundance of Erysipelotrichaceae_UCG_002, Acetitomaculum, Olsenella, and Syntrophococcus were significantly increased by 300 g/d supplementation (p < 0.05). ATC was effective in enhancing rumen fermentation and reducing somatic cell count in milk, thereby improving milk yield. The optimized dose of ATC was 60 g/d for lactating cows, and there were no risks associated with high doses of ATC.

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“…After 7 h, 24 h, 30 h, and 48 h of incubation, the content of each sample was filtered through a nylon bag (80 mm × 150 mm size with 42 μm pores), and then dried at 60 °C for 48 h in a forced-air oven (Wujiang Zhongda Electrical Technology Co., Ltd., Wujiang, Jiangsu, China) to analyze and calculate nutrient degradability. The content of dry matter (DM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), and crude protein (CP) in the original sample, and residues at 24 h, 30 h, and 48 h were determined according to the previously described method [ 27 ]. The starch content of residues of TMR and corn silage at 7 h was determined using a commercial starch assay kit (BioVision, Inc., San Francisco Bay Area, the United States of America).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aspergillus oryzae and Aspergillus niger Co-Cultivation Extract Affects In Vitro Degradation, Fermentation Characteristics, and Bacterial Composition in a Diet-Specific Manner

Kong

Lü

Liu

et al. 2021

Animals

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AOAN may provide enzymes to improve the digestibility of feeds and enhance rumen fermentation. This study determined the effects of AOAN on digestibility, fermentation characteristics, and bacterial composition using in vitro gas recording fermentation system. A total of 30 mg of AOAN was supplemented into 500 mg of TMR, corn silage, oat hay, and alfalfa hay. Fermentation parameters and bacterial communities were determined after 48 h fermentation, and digestibility was determined after 7, 24, 30, and 48 h fermentation. Gas production and dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and acid detergent fiber (ADF) digestibility were significantly increased by AOAN supplementation at 48 h (p < 0.05), except for digestibility of CP of the TMR (p > 0.05). AOAN increased starch digestibility in corn silage (p < 0.05) and tended to increase that in TMR (0.05 < p < 0.10). AOAN supplementation increased total volatile fatty acid production (p < 0.05). The molar proportions of acetate and acetate to propionate ratio of oat hay and alfalfa hay were increased (p < 0.05). The 16S rRNA analysis revealed that the microbial richness of TMR and oat hay, and microbial evenness of TMR were increased (p < 0.05). AOAN did not affect the α diversity, β diversity, and bacterial composition of the corn silage. The relative abundance of Prevotella was increased and Ruminococcus was decreased in TMR, oat hay, and alfalfa hay. In conclusion, results suggest that AOAN has the potential to improve the utilization of diets differently, including providing enzymes with changing microbiota (TMR, oat hay, and alfalfa hay) or providing enzymes alone (corn silage).

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Effects of dietary rumen–protected Lys levels on rumen fermentation and bacterial community composition in Holstein heifers

Cited by 21 publications

References 59 publications

Effects of Concentrate Supplementation on the Organic Matter Intake, Rumen Fermentation and Bacterial Community of Grazing Simmental Heifers

Effects of Concentrate Supplementation on the Organic Matter Intake, Rumen Fermentation and Bacterial Community of Grazing Simmental Heifers

Acremonium terricola Culture’s Dose–Response Effects on Lactational Performance, Antioxidant Capacity, and Ruminal Characteristics in Holstein Dairy Cows

Aspergillus oryzae and Aspergillus niger Co-Cultivation Extract Affects In Vitro Degradation, Fermentation Characteristics, and Bacterial Composition in a Diet-Specific Manner

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