Effects of dietary reduced glutathione on growth performance, non-specific immunity, antioxidant capacity and expression levels of IGF-I and HSP70 mRNA of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)

Effects of dietary reduced glutathione on the growth and antioxidant capacity of juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

“…Dietary GSH supplementation significantly increased the AFI, ADG and SGR, and decreased the FCR of the fish, indicating that GSH could improve the growth performance of Atlantic salmon. Similar results were reported for O. niloticus (Zhou et al, ), grass carp (Ming et al, ), L. vannamei (Xu et al, ) and sea bass ( Lateolabrax japonicas ; Zambonino Infante, Cahu, & Peres, ). GSH participates in the transport of amino acids in the body (Ceriello, ) and in increasing the gene mRNA expression levels in fish cells to promote growth (Liang et al, ).…”

“…The diet samples were air‐dried for 24 hr, embedded uniformly in sodium alginate, and air‐dried again for 24 hr. After these treatments, the actual levels of GSH in diets were measured to be 10.14, 108.32, 209.54 and 411.42 mg/kg, respectively, by the spectrophotometric method (Ming et al, ).…”

“…The relative expression levels were analysed using the 2 −ΔΔCt method after verification that the primers amplified with an efficiency of approximately 100% (Livak & Schmittgen, ). Specificity of amplicons was checked by melting curve analysis and confirmed by 3% agarose gel electrophoresis (Ming et al, ).…”

“…Previous studies reported that GSH can play a role in scavenging free radicals, improving growth performance and antioxidant capacity, maintaining DNA synthesis and enhancing immunity (Pastore, Federici, Bertini, & Piemonte, ; Will, ). Several studies of GSH in freshwater fish and shrimp found that GSH could significantly improve the growth performance, antioxidant capacity and immunity of grass carp ( Ctenopharyngodon idellus ; Ming, Ye, Zhang, Xu, & Xie, ), Litopenaeus vannamei (Xu et al, ) and Oreochromis niloticus (Zhou et al, ), but studies of its role in marine fish are rare. The role of GSH in Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar ) and other cold‐water fish has not yet been reported.…”

Combined or individual effects of dietary magnesium and selenium nanoparticles on growth performance, immunity, blood biochemistry and antioxidant status of Asian seabass ( Lates calcarifer ) reared in freshwater

“…The non‐specific immune system of fish is considered to be the first line of defence against a wide range of pathogens (Ming, Ye, Zhang, Xu, & Xie, ). Serum total protein, which is mainly synthesized by liver parenchymal cells, indicates the nutritional and metabolic status of fish and indirectly reflects the level of non‐specific immunity (Ortuno, Esteban, & Meseguer, ).…”