Effects of dietary protein and lipid levels on growth and feed utilization of wild-caught striped sea bream, Lithognathus mormyrus

Abstract

A feeding trial was carried out to determine the effects of dietary protein and lipid levels on the growth performance and feed utilization of wild-caught striped sea bream (Lithognathus mormyrus). The experimental fish were collected from a local lagoon (Ç ardak Lagoon, Ç anakkale, Turkey), transferred to the Marine Net Cage Unit and fed by hand to apparent satiation with a commercial sea bream feed (Biomar; 42% crude protein, 16% crude lipid). Approximately 4 weeks were needed to acclimate the fish to farming conditions. No pathological signs were observed and no fish losses occurred during the adaptation period. For the test trials four test diets with different levels of protein and lipid were formulated [low protein and low lipid (LP:LL), low protein and high lipid (LP:HL), high protein and low lipid (HP:LL), and high protein and high lipid (HP:HL)] and fed to L. mormyrus (mean weight 85.0 ± 4.6 g SEM) in the net cages (Ø 2 m, depth 2.5 m) for 60 days. During the experiment water temperature varied between 21.1 and 26.4°C; dissolved oxygen 8.4-9.6 mg L )1 ; pH 7.2-8.6; and salinity 23.3-25.6&. Growth performances of fish fed high protein diets were higher compared to fish fed low protein diets, irrespective of the dietary lipid level (P < 0.05). Feed conversion ratio (FCR) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) were not influenced by dietary protein or lipid levels (P > 0.05). Preliminary results indicate that striped sea bream can be easily adapted to farming conditions in net cages, and that a diet containing 50% crude protein and 15% crude lipid (HP:LL) levels with 23.0 g protein MJ )1 gross energy of protein ⁄ energy ratio would be suitable for striped sea bream growth.

Evaluation of Different Commercial Feeds for Culture of Juvenile Sobaity (Sparidentex Hasta Valenciennes) in Kuwait

“…However, the optimal dietary protein levels found for other sparid species have been reported to be around 50% [13] and [14]. In a recent study, Kusku et al [15] indicated that stripped seabream (Lithograthus mormyrus) can be easily adapted to farming condition in net cages and that a diet containing 50% crude protein and 15% crude lipid levels with 23g protein MJ -1 gross energy of protein/energy ratio would be suitable for stripped seabream growth. Thus, the protein (47.17-48.80%), lipid (13.80-14.09%) and P:E ratio (22.14-23.42) found in commercial diets in the present study could be considered optimum for sobaity.…”

The effects of dietary protein levels with amino acid supplementation on the growth performance, haematological profile and histology of meagre (Argyrosomus regius) in two different size classes

“…It is important to ideal for both costeffective and eco-friendly reasons; the level of protein and amino acid in aquafeeds must be balanced because dietary protein sources are expensive (Li, Mai, Trushenski & Wu, 2009;Wilson, 2002). The optimum protein and amino acid requirement for maximum fish performance differ depending on the species, size of fish, rearing conditions, environmental factors, dietary energy and quality of the dietary proteins (Abdel-Tawwab, Ahmad, Khattab & Shalaby, 2010;Bechara, Roux, Ruiz Diaz, Flores Quintana & de Meabe, 2005;Castro et al, 2012;El-Sayed, Mansour & Ezzat, 2003;Henry & Fountoulaki, 2014;Kusku et al, 2011;Liu, Mai, Liufu & Ai, 2014;Oz orio et al, 2009;de la Serrana et al, 2013;Skalli, Hidalgo, Abell an, Arizcun & Cardenete, 2004).…”

Untitled

“…The effects of dietary lipid levels on growth performance and nutrient utilization depend on fish species, fish size, dietary protein-to-lipid ratio, or capability of fish to use carbohydrates as an energy source, dietary protein and energy levels and feeding time (Sargent et al, 2002;Kusku et al, 2011 (Metailler et al, 1981). The supplementation of dietary Ulva meal resulted in greater benefits when fed with higher-lipid diets.…”