Effects of dietary n‐6/n‐3 fatty acid ratio on nutrient digestibility and blood metabolites of Hanwoo heifers

Abstract

The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of dietary n-6/n-3 fatty acid (FA) ratio on digestibility, blood metabolites and FA profile of Hanwoo heifers. Fifteen Hanwoo heifers (22 ± 3 months old; 357 ± 69.7 kg) were randomly assigned to three dietary treatments with n-6/n-3 FA ratios of 2.07, 5.18 and 7.37. The animals were housed individually in digestion crates and fed total mixed rations at 2.2% of body weight for 2 weeks of adaptation and 1 week of collection. Treatment effects on in vivo digestibility, plasma metabolite and fatty acid profiles, and in vitro ruminal fermentation and fatty acid profiles were examined. In vivo digestibility was not affected (P > 0.05) by dietary n-6/n-3 FA ratio. However, in vitro dry matter digestibility and concentrations of total volatile fatty acids and propionate decreased (P < 0.05) linearly with increasing n-6/n-3 FA ratio. Plasma insulin and progesterone increased linearly (P < 0.05), but linolenic acid and total n-3 FA decreased linearly (P < 0.05) with increasing n-6/n-3 ratio. Increasing the dietary n-6/n-3 FA ratio can increase the n-6/n-3 FA ratio in plasma and ruminal fluid as well as plasma progesterone secretion.

Effects of Essential Fatty Acid Supplementation on in vitro Fermentation Indices, Greenhouse Gas, Microbes, and Fatty Acid Profiles in the Rumen

“…Before ruminal incubation, 20 µL of dissolved FA (2 mg of FA) was applied into 150 mg of synthetic diet. This synthetic diet applied FA was stored at room temperature to evaporate methanol for 12 h. In the present study, the application rate of each FA treatment was 1.3% DM, which demonstrate the general C18:2n-6 FA and C18:3n-3 FA concentrations in ruminant diet (Kim et al, 2007(Kim et al, , 2016. Ruminal incubation was performed in the 50-mL glass serum bottle containing 15 mL of rumen buffer with synthetic diet applied FA at 39 • C for 0, 1, 2, 4, and 8 h. Each FA treatments used five incubation bottles as replications along with three blanks for each hour.…”

Role of nutraceuticals during the transition period of dairy cows: a review

“…In fact, the series 1 and 2 prostaglandins (especially PGF2α released from the endometrium) are intimately involved in uterine involution and subsequent ovulation post-partum, negatively affecting the development of the morula and blastocyst stages [68]. Conversely, the 3 series prostaglandins improve the environment for embryo implantation and survival [64], and their production increases the lifespan of the corpus luteum, improves blastocyst cell numbers, and improves the maintenance of pregnancy [69]. Reduction in the concentration of linoleic acid (LA; C18: 2n-6) in the follicular fluid also contributes to improving EI.…”

Site-Specific Fat-1 Knock-In Enables Significant Decrease of n-6PUFAs/n-3PUFAs Ratio in Pigs

“…The n-3PUFAs include alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and docosapentaenoate acid (DPA). The n-6PUFAs mainly include arachidonic acid (AA) and linoleic acid (LA) ( Kim et al 2016 ; Zhu et al 2008 ). N-3PUFAs provide broad potential health benefits according to previous studies, and thus are increasingly considered as necessary nutrients in a daily diet ( Sioutis et al 2008 ).…”