Effects of dietary l-carnitine supplementation on the response to an inflammatory challenge in mid-lactating dairy cows: Hepatic mRNA abundance of genes involved in fatty acid metabolism

Alaedin, M.; Ghaffari, Mohtasham; Sadri, H.; Meyer, Jennifer; Dänicke, Sven; Frahm, Jana; Huber, Korinna; Grindler, Sandra; Kersten, Susanne; Rehage, J.; Muráni, Eduard; Sauerwein, H.

doi:10.3168/jds.2021-20226

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Based on our plasma metabolomics findings, an association between supplementary carnitine and inflammatory response via lipid metabolism was hypothesized [ 10 ]. Accordingly, increased carnitine availability affected the expression of genes related to mitochondrial biogenesis and lipid metabolism in the liver of dairy cows challenged by LPS during mid-lactation, as reported in our previous paper [ 14 ]. However, no data have been reported yet on the hepatic metabolite profiles of cows treated with supplementary carnitine, particularly during a LPS challenge.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 64%

“…Previously, we reported the concentration of hepatic TG and three serum metabolites (FFA, BHB, and TG) for a larger cohort of cows [ 14 ]. Herein, we reported the data subset of the 30 cows involved in the metabolomics analysis and demonstrated the effect of LPS challenge and carnitine on these metabolites, as presented in Table 1 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The concentrations of all these acyl-carnitines (C2, C3, C4, C5, C14, C16, and C18) were 3 to sixfold higher in the CAR group than in the CON group, confirming our hypothesis that these intermediary products would accumulate in the liver in relation to enhanced carnitine availability. In the same trial, cows treated with carnitine had significantly higher expression of hepatic very long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase mRNA ( P < 0.01) [ 14 ], suggesting an upregulated utilization of fatty acids with 14–18 carbons in the first step of beta-oxidation. Further, our metabolomics assay revealed the perturbations of hepatic acyl-carnitine, biogenic amine, and amino acid concentrations in association with a LPS challenge in mid-lactation cows.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The measurement of hepatic TG was performed by a triglyceride quantification colorimetric kit intended for use in tissue samples (No. K622-100, BioVision, Inc., Milpitas, CA, USA), according to the manufacturer’s protocol, as published previously [ 14 ]. The measurement of serum FFA, BHB, and TG were performed by standard colorimetric enzymatic assays using the Eurolyser CCA 180 analyzer (Eurolyser Diagnostica GmbH, Salzburg, Austria), as described in detail previously [ 20 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Changes of the liver metabolome following an intravenous lipopolysaccharide injection in Holstein cows supplemented with dietary carnitine

Grindler

Kenéz

et al. 2022

J Animal Sci Biotechnol

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Background Carnitine facilitates the flux of long-chain fatty acids for hepatic mitochondrial beta-oxidation, which acts to ameliorate the negative energy balance commonly affecting high-yielding dairy cows. Inflammation triggered by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) load can however pose a challenge to the metabolic integrity via the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators, leading to immune system activation and respective metabolic alterations. The effect of enhanced carnitine availability on hepatic metabolome profiles during an inflammatory challenge has not yet been determined in dairy cows. Herein, Holstein cows were supplemented with 25 g/d rumen-protected carnitine from 42 d prepartum until 126 d postpartum (n = 16) or assigned to the control group with no supplementation during the same period (n = 14). We biopsied the liver of the cows before (100 d postpartum) and after (112 d postpartum) an intravenous injection of 0.5 µg/kg LPS. Liver samples were subjected to a targeted metabolomics analysis using the AbsoluteIDQ p180 Kit (Biocrates Life Sciences AG, Innsbruck, Austria). Results Multivariate statistical analyses revealed that hepatic metabolome profiles changed in relation to both the carnitine supplementation and the LPS challenge. Comparing the metabolite profiles on 100 d, carnitine increased the concentration of short- and long-chain acyl-carnitines, which may be explained by an enhanced mitochondrial fatty acid shuttle and hence greater energy availability. The LPS injection affected hepatic metabolite profiles only in the carnitine supplemented group, particularly altering the concentration of biogenic amines. Conclusions Our results point to interactions between an acute hepatic inflammatory response and biogenic amine metabolism, depending on energy availability.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 64%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Changes of the liver metabolome following an intravenous lipopolysaccharide injection in Holstein cows supplemented with dietary carnitine

Grindler

Kenéz

et al. 2022

J Animal Sci Biotechnol

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“…L-Carnitine has been shown to modulate the liver inflammation as well as circulating pro-inflammatory markers via specific signaling pathways (24). However, in a recent study in mid-lactating dairy cows challenged with LPS, authors were not able to reveal significant effects of L-carnitine supplementation before and 2 weeks after the challenge (25). The aforementioned functions indicate that L-carnitine may play a unique function in the transition period.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Peripartal Rumen-Protected L-Carnitine Manipulates the Productive and Blood Metabolic Responses in High-Producing Holstein Dairy Cows

Mesgaran

Kargar

Mesgaran³

et al. 2021

Front. Vet. Sci.

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This study aimed to monitor the effect of including rumen-protected L-carnitine (Carneon 20 Rumin-Pro, Kaesler Nutrition GmbH, Cuxhaven, Germany) in the transition diet on the productive and metabolic responses of multiparous high-producing Holstein dairy cows. Thirty-two multiparous cows were allocated in a completely randomized design to receive the same diet plus 60 g fat prill containing 85% palmitic acid (control, n = 16) or 100 g rumen-protected L-carnitine (RLC, n = 16); at 28 days before expected calving until 28 days in milk (DIM). Fat prill was included in the control diet to balance the palmitic acid content of both experimental diets. Milk production over the 28 DIM for the control and RLC groups was 46.5 and 47.7 kg, respectively. Milk fat content tended to increase upon rumen-protected L-carnitine inclusion (p = 0.1). Cows fed rumen-protected L-carnitine had higher fat- and energy-corrected milk compared with the control group. Pre- and post-partum administration of L-carnitine decreased both high- and low-density lipoprotein concentrations in peripheral blood of post-partum cows. The results of this study indicated that the concentration of triglycerides and beta-hydroxybutyrate was not significantly different between the groups, whereas the blood non-esterified fatty acid concentration was markedly decreased in cows supplemented with L-carnitine. Animals in the RLC group had a significant (p < 0.05) lower blood haptoglobin concentration at 7 and 14 DIM than the control. Animals in the RLC group had a lower concentration of blood enzymes than those of the control group. The mRNA abundance of Toll-like receptors 4, cluster of differentiation 14, and myeloid differential protein 2 did not significantly change upon the supplementation of L-carnitine in the transition diet. In summary, the dietary inclusion of RLC improved dairy cow's performance during the early lactation period. Greater production, at least in part, is driven by improved energy utilization efficiency and enhanced metabolic status in animals during the periparturient period.

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Assessing major genes allele frequencies and the genetic diversity of the native Aosta cattle female population

Bernini,

Punturiero,

Vevey

et al. 2023

Italian Journal of Animal Science

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Effects of dietary l-carnitine supplementation on the response to an inflammatory challenge in mid-lactating dairy cows: Hepatic mRNA abundance of genes involved in fatty acid metabolism

Cited by 9 publications

References 52 publications

Changes of the liver metabolome following an intravenous lipopolysaccharide injection in Holstein cows supplemented with dietary carnitine

Changes of the liver metabolome following an intravenous lipopolysaccharide injection in Holstein cows supplemented with dietary carnitine

Peripartal Rumen-Protected L-Carnitine Manipulates the Productive and Blood Metabolic Responses in High-Producing Holstein Dairy Cows

Assessing major genes allele frequencies and the genetic diversity of the native Aosta cattle female population

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