Effects of dietary geniposidic acid on growth performance, flesh quality and collagen gene expression of grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idella

Abstract

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary geniposidic acid (GA) on growth performance, flesh quality and collagen gene expression of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). The fish with an initial body weight of 47.1 ± 0.8 g were fed one of the seven diets, including control diet, Eucommia ulmoides (EU)-supplemented diet (20 g/kg) and GA-supplemented diets (200, 400, 600, 800 and 1,000 mg/kg GA) for 75 days. The growth performance and muscle proximate composition showed no difference among groups (p > .05). Dietary GA (200-1,000 mg/kg) increased the contents of total collagen and alkaline-insoluble collagen in skin (p < .05), and high supplementation of GA (600-1,000 mg/kg GA) and EU increased the contents of total collagen, alkaline-insoluble collagen and total amino acids (p < .05), but reduced the lipid level in muscle (p < .05). In collagen gene expression, EU and 200-1,000 mg/kg GA increased COL1A1 expression in muscle and skin (p < .05), but the expression of COL1A2 was increased only by high supplementation of GA (1,000 mg/kg, or 800-1,000 mg/kg) (p < .05). In conclusion, dietary GA improved the flesh quality of grass carp, and the supplementation level was estimated to be 600 mg/kg diet.

Comparison study of three compounds in Eucommia ulmoides on growth, flesh quality of grass carp ( Ctenopharyngodon idella )

“…The previous studies indicated that CGA promoted the proliferation of fibroblasts in rats (Zhang, Li, Yun, You, & Luo, ), and GP stimulated the proliferation of ligament cells (Chen et al, ). In the present study, dietary CGA, GP and GAP supplementation increased muscle fibre density and reduced muscle fibre diameter of grass carp, and the similar results also have been reported by Sun et al (). Disappointedly, the three active compounds mixture showed a lower performance than the individuals.…”

“…The variations in the results may due to the fish size, and smaller fish may be more sensitive to dietary CGA than bigger one. The dietary GP and GA showed no growth improvement effect on animals when compared with the CGA supplementation and control groups in the present study, which indicates that GP and GA are not the growth‐promoting active compounds in EU, similar findings to our previous studies (Sun et al, ). Furthermore, the mixture of GA:CGA:GP did not show a positive effect on growth improvement when compared to the individual addition.…”

“…The study of Lee et al () indicated that EU extracts and its two active constituents (aucubin and GP) inhibited palmitate‐induced endoplasmic reticulum stress, reducing hepatic lipid accumulation through secretion of apolipoprotein B and associated triglycerides and cholesterol in human HepG2 hepatocytes. Previous studies showed that dietary CGA (200–800 mg/kg) (Sun et al –800 mg/kg) (Sun et al) and GA (600–1,000 mg/kg) (Sun et al, ) significantly decreased the crude lipid in muscle of grass carp. The present study confirmed the previous findings except GA, due to that GA inclusion was 400 mg/kg in the present study, lower than 600–1,000 mg/kg inclusion reported by Sun et al ().…”

“…Previous studies showed that dietary CGA (200–800 mg/kg) (Sun et al –800 mg/kg) (Sun et al) and GA (600–1,000 mg/kg) (Sun et al, ) significantly decreased the crude lipid in muscle of grass carp. The present study confirmed the previous findings except GA, due to that GA inclusion was 400 mg/kg in the present study, lower than 600–1,000 mg/kg inclusion reported by Sun et al (). The different active components in EU may have different mode of action in lipid‐lowering effect.…”

Dietary quercetin improved the growth, antioxidation, and flesh quality of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)

“…Grass carp is an important freshwater fish cultured in Asia, especially in China. To improve the flesh quality of cultured grass carp, different nutritional strategies have been carried out in recent years, such as EU (Leng et al, ) and its active components chlorogenic acid (N. S. Li et al, ; Sun et al, ), geniposide (Sun et al, ), and geniposide acid (Sun, Xu, Li, Pan, & Leng, ). As the main active component in EU, quercetin may play a role in the growth‐promoting and flesh quality‐improving effects of EU.…”