Effects of dietary fat levels on nutrient digestibility and production performance of growing‐furring blue foxes (<i>Alopex lagopus</i>)

Geng, Yuting; Yang, Fayu; Xing, Xiumei; Gao, Xiuhua

doi:10.1111/j.1439-0396.2011.01186.x

Cited by 15 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Therefore, it is not surprising that the fat digestibility was increased with the increasing dietary F:C. The digestibility of CP in this study was increased when dietary F:C ratio increases from 34:34 to 48:22. Similar results were obtained by Geng et al (2012), working with blue foxes. One of the reasons may be that carbohydrate contents in the diet were decreased and fiber contents were also decreased.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Effects of dietary fat:carbohydrate ratio on nutrient digestibility, serum parameters, and production performance in male silver foxes (Vulpes vulpes) during the winter fur-growing period

et al. 2016

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Forty male silver foxes were used to investigate the effects of increasing dietary fat:carbohydrate (F:C) ratio {34:34, 41:28, 48:22, and 55:17 [metabolizable energy basis (ME)]} on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, serum parameters, and pelt quality during the winter fur-growing period. The results showed that average daily feed intake, average daily ME intake, average daily gain (ADG), feed efficiency, and protein digestibility were improved (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05) when dietary F:C ratio ranging from 34:34 to 48:22. However, foxes that received the 55:17 feed had lower (P < 0.05) ADG and protein digestibility than the other groups. The fat digestibility was increased (P < 0.01), and the carbohydrate digestibility was decreased (P < 0.01) with the increasing dietary F:C ratio. In addition, serum triglyceride and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol significantly increased (P < 0.05) as dietary F:C ratio increased. Changing dietary F:C ratio from 34:34 to 48:22 resulted in an increase in pelt quality, but it had negative effects on growth and pelt quality when foxes received 55:17 feed. We conclude that the optimal dietary F:C ratio for silver foxes during the winter fur-growing period was 48:22.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Effects of dietary fat:carbohydrate ratio on nutrient digestibility, serum parameters, and production performance in male silver foxes (Vulpes vulpes) during the winter fur-growing period

et al. 2016

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“…Littermates were divided into different treatments to minimize genetic influence on performance and the variation in response to the dietary treatments. The basal diet was formulated to meet or exceed all nutrient requirements for blue foxes with the exception of Cu and Zn [16][17][18][19]. The composition and chemical analysis of the basal diet are shown in Table 1.…”

Section: Animals Diets and Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Dietary Copper and Zinc Supplementation on Growth Performance, Tissue Mineral Retention, Antioxidant Status, and Fur Quality in Growing-Furring Blue Foxes (Alopex lagopus)

Liu

Zhang

et al. 2015

Biol Trace Elem Res

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A 4×2 factorial experiment with four supplemental levels of copper (0, 20, 40, or 60 mg copper per kg dry matter) from copper sulfate and two supplemental levels of zinc (40 or 200 mg zinc per kg dry matter) from zinc sulfate was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary copper and zinc supplementation on growth performance, tissue mineral retention, antioxidant status, and fur quality in growing-furring blue foxes. One hundred and twenty healthy 15-week-old male blue foxes were randomly allocated to eight dietary treatments with 15 replicates per treatment for a 70-day trial from mid-September to pelting in December. The average daily gain and feed conversion ratio were increased with copper supplementation in the first 35 days as well as the overall period (P<0.05). In addition, copper supplementation tended to increase feed intake during the first 35 days (P<0.10). Diets supplemented with 200 mg/kg zinc did not affect body gain (P>0.10) and feed intake (P>0.10) but improved feed conversion (P<0.05) compared with those supplemented 40 mg/kg zinc throughout the experiment. No copper×zinc interaction was observed for growth performance except that a tendency (P=0.09) was found for feed intake in the first 35 days. Supplementation of copper or zinc improved crude fat digestibility (P<0.01) but had no effects on the digestibility of other nutrients. Fecal copper was increased with both copper (P<0.01) and zinc addition (P<0.05). However, fecal zinc was affected only by dietary zinc addition (P<0.01). Mineral contents in serum and kidney were not affected by dietary treatments (P>0.05). However, the level of copper in the liver was increased with copper supplementation (P<0.05) and tended to decrease with zinc supplementation (P=0.08). Dietary zinc addition tended to increase the activity of alkaline phosphatase (P=0.07). The activities of copper-zinc superoxide dismutase and catalase tended to increase by copper (P=0.08) and zinc addition (P=0.05). Moreover, a copper×zinc interaction was observed for catalase in the experiment (P<0.05). Serum malondialdehyde concentration decreased with the increasing of dietary copper and zinc levels (P<0.05). The activity of glutathione peroxidase tended to increase by copper addition (P=0.09). For fur quality, foxes fed diets supplemented with high copper had larger skin length and darker pelts than those fed the basal diet without copper addition (P<0.05). In conclusion, this study demonstrated that dietary copper and zinc supplementation can improve growth by increasing feed intake and improving fat digestibility. Additionally, copper and zinc can enhance the antioxidant capacity of blue foxes. This study also indicates that additional zinc up to 200 mg/kg did not exert significant adverse effects on the copper metabolism of growing-furring blue foxes.

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“…Our results were consistent with findings that an increase in fibers in the diets of mink (Mustela vison), blue fox (Alopex lagopus), and both the domestic cat and dog decreased the apparent digestibility of crude protein, which corresponded with the increase in concentration of plant protein, which is less likely digestible than the animal proteins it replaced [40][41][42]. It was anticipated that the higher concentration of crude fat in the diets at both Institutions B and C would have increased the apparent digestibility for the nutrients analyzed (gross energy, crude fat, and crude protein) for those diets similar to what has been reported for dogs and blue foxes with the addition of fat to their diets [43,44]. at was not the case in our study.…”

Section: Institutionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Digestible Energy Intake and Digestive Efficiency of Human-Managed North American River Otters (Lontra canadensis)

Minter

Heugten

Harms

et al. 2020

Veterinary Medicine International

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Diets currently provided to captive North American river otters (Lontra canadensis) are highly variable with different institutions providing various whole foods, commercial complete prepared diets, or combinations of both. This study investigated the digestible energy intake, gastrointestinal transit time, and digestive efficiency of three different diets being fed at three North Carolina institutions. Otters housed at Institution A (n = 3) were fed strictly fish. Otters housed at Institutions B (n = 3) and C (n = 2) were fed a majority fish based diet (58.5 and 74.1%, respectively), supplemented with fruits, vegetables, and supplemental protein sources as enrichment. There was an apparent trend between increased percentage of fish in the diet and faster transit time and higher digestive efficiency. As less fish was included in the diets, the GI transit time was longer (Institution A, 106 minutes; Institution B, 145 minutes; Institution C, 208 minutes). Median digestive efficiency was high for all three groups (A, 91.4%; B, 87.8%; C, 89.8%) but was higher for the institutions feeding fish. Additionally, the overall median gross energy intake for the eight animals in this study was 163.1 kcal/kgBM0.75/day (range: 92.2 to 260.7 kcal/kgBM0.75/day). While all three institutions had healthy otter populations, it appears that a higher fish diet should be further studied as the model North American river otter diet.

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Effects of dietary fat levels on nutrient digestibility and production performance of growing‐furring blue foxes (Alopex lagopus)

Cited by 15 publications

References 18 publications

Effects of dietary fat:carbohydrate ratio on nutrient digestibility, serum parameters, and production performance in male silver foxes (Vulpes vulpes) during the winter fur-growing period

Effects of dietary fat:carbohydrate ratio on nutrient digestibility, serum parameters, and production performance in male silver foxes (Vulpes vulpes) during the winter fur-growing period

Effects of Dietary Copper and Zinc Supplementation on Growth Performance, Tissue Mineral Retention, Antioxidant Status, and Fur Quality in Growing-Furring Blue Foxes (Alopex lagopus)

Digestible Energy Intake and Digestive Efficiency of Human-Managed North American River Otters (Lontra canadensis)

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