Effects of dietary chitosan supplementation on farmed fish; a review

Abdel‐Ghany, Heba M.; Salem, Mohamed El‐S.

doi:10.1111/raq.12326

Cited by 91 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 108 publications

(227 reference statements)

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“…However, in Mexico, Spain, Slovakia, Italy, Thailand, Bulgaria, and Belgium, only one report was identified. Chitin and chitosan extracted from crustacean, fungal and mollusc sources and their applications in various fields have been comprehensively covered in multiple critical reviews (Abdel-Ghany & Salem, 2020 Abdel‐Ghany & Salem, 2020 ; Ahmed et al, 2019 ; Alishahi & Aïder, 2012 ; Arbia, Arbia, Adour, & Amrane, 2013 ; Ganesan et al, 2020 ; Gortari & Hours, 2013 ; Hamed, Özogul, & Regenstein, 2016 ; Kaur & Dhillon, 2015 ; Kurita, 2006 ; Mohan et al, 2019 ; R. A.; Muzzarelli, Greco, Busilacchi, Sollazzo, & Gigante, 2012 ; Rasti, Parivar, Baharara, Iranshahi, & Namvar, 2017 ; Shanmugam & Abirami, 2019 ). Although insect chitin and chitosan possess an enormous amount of biological value and several studies have been performed to review these values, there has not been a comprehensive review of their extraction, characterization, and bioactivity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent insights into the extraction, characterization, and bioactivities of chitin and chitosan from insects

Mohan¹,

Ganesan

Thirunavukkarasu

et al. 2020

Trends in Food Science & Technology

207

120

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Background Insects are a living resource used for human nutrition, medicine, and industry. Several potential sources of proteins, peptides, and biopolymers, such as silk, chitin, and chitosan are utilized in industry and for biotechnology applications. Chitosan is an amino-polysaccharide derivative of chitin that consists of linear amino polysaccharides with d -glucosamine and N-acetyl- d -glucosamine units. Currently, the chief commercial sources of chitin and chitosan are crustacean shells that accumulate as a major waste product from the marine food industry. Existing chitin resources have some natural challenges, including insufficient supplies, seasonal availability, and environmental pollution. As an alternative, insects could be utilized as unconventional but feasible sources of chitin and chitosan. Scope and approach This review focuses on the recent sources of insect chitin and chitosan, particularly from the Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Orthoptera, Hymenoptera, Diptera, Hemiptera, Dictyoptera, and Odonata orders. In addition, the extraction methods and physicochemical characteristics are discussed. Insect chitin and chitosan have numerous biological activities and could be used for food, biomedical, and industrial applications. Key findings and conclusions Recently, the invasive and harmful effects of insect species causing severe damage in agricultural crops has led to great economic losses globally. These dangerous species serve as potential sources of chitin and are underutilized worldwide. The conclusion of the present study provides better insight into the conversion of insect waste-derived chitin into value-added products as an alternative chitin source to address food security related challenges.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent insights into the extraction, characterization, and bioactivities of chitin and chitosan from insects

Mohan¹,

Ganesan

Thirunavukkarasu

et al. 2020

Trends in Food Science & Technology

207

120

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Similarly, Nile tilapia [22] and loach [15] fed dietary chitosan nanoparticles showed an enhanced anti-oxidative capacity. Chitosan nanoparticles enhanced the antioxidant ability probably due its chelating ability and the scavenging role of free radicals [41]. The results suggest that dietary chitosan resulted in enhanced SOD, CAT, and GPx neutralizing oxidative stress-induced damage, such as lipid peroxidation (MDA) [42] that may occur during the farming season of L. ramada.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Marine-Derived Chitosan Nanoparticles Improved the Intestinal Histo-Morphometrical Features in Association with the Health and Immune Response of Grey Mullet (Liza ramada)

et al. 2020

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Marine-derived substances are known for their beneficial influences on aquatic animals’ performances and are recommended to improve intestinal health, immunity, and anti-oxidative status. The present study investigates the role of chitosan nanoparticles on the intestinal histo-morphometrical features in association with the health and immune response of Grey Mullet (Liza ramada). Chitosan nanoparticles are included in the diets at 0, 0.5, 1, and 2 g/kg and introduced to fish in a successive feeding trial for eight weeks. The final body weight (FBW), weight gain (WG), and specific growth rate (SGR) parameters are significantly increased while feed conversion ratio (FCR) decreases by chitosan nanoparticles compared to the control (p < 0.05). The morphometric analysis of the intestines reveals a significant improvement in villus height, villus width, and the number of goblet cells in chitosan-treated groups in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, there is a positive correlation between the thickness of the enterocyte brush border and the chitosan dose, referring to an increasing absorptive activity. Histologically, the intestinal wall of Grey Mullet consists of four layers; mucosa, sub-mucosa, tunica muscularis (muscular layers), and serosa. The histological examination of the L. ramada intestine shows a normal histo-morphology. The epithelial layer of intestinal mucosa is thrown into elongated finger-like projections, the intestinal villi. The values of hemoglobin, hematocrit, red blood cells (RBCs), total protein (TP), albumin, and globulin are significantly increased in fish fed 1, and 2 g/kg of chitosan nanoparticles compared to fish fed 0 and 0.5 g/kg (p < 0.05). The highest levels of TP and albumin are observed in fish fed 1 g/kg diet (p < 0.05). The lysozyme activity and phagocytic index are significantly enhanced by feeding chitosan nanoparticles at 0.5, 1, and 2 g/kg, whereas the phagocytic activity is improved in fish fed 1 and 2 g/kg (p < 0.05). The highest lysozyme activity and phagocytic index are observed in fish fed 1 g/kg. SOD is significantly activated by feeding chitosan nanoparticles at 1 g/kg. Simultaneously, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase (CAT) activities also are enhanced by feeding chitosan at 1 and 2 g/kg, compared to fish fed 0 and 0.5 g/kg (p < 0.05). The highest GPx and CAT activities are observed in fish fed 1 g/kg (p < 0.05). Conversely, the malondialdehyde (MDA) levels are decreased by feeding chitosan at 1 and 2 g/kg, with the lowest being in fish fed 1 g/kg (p < 0.05). To summarize, the results elucidate that L. ramada fed dietary chitosan nanoparticles have a marked growth rate, immune response, and anti-oxidative response. These improvements are attributed to the potential role of chitosan nanoparticles in enhancing intestinal histo-morphometry and intestinal health. These results soundly support the possibility of using chitosan nanoparticles at 1–2 g/kg as a feasible functional supplement for aquatic animals.

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“…Dietary supplementation with chitosan and its derivatives has been shown to improve fish growth performance, non-specific immunity and antioxidant effects [86,87]. However, the strategy for chitosan dietary supplementation in fish requires extensive investigation, according to the species and the growth stage of fish.…”

Section: Chitosan and Its Derivatives As Dietary Additivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition to the developmental stage and amount of dietary chitosan supplied, chitosan effects exerted on fish growth performance also seem to depend on the species [87]. According to the effect observed on SGR, the apparent digestibility coefficient of dry matter and the apparent digestibility coefficient of protein, 75 days of feeding on diets supplemented with 10-20 g chitosan/kg significantly reduced the growth performance of gibel carp (Carassius gibelio) (initial body weight, 4.80 ± 0.01 g) [92].…”

Section: Dietary Supplementation With Chitosanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chitosan-Based Drug Delivery System: Applications in Fish Biotechnology

Rashidpour

Pablos

et al. 2020

Polymers

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Chitosan is increasingly used for safe nucleic acid delivery in gene therapy studies, due to well-known properties such as bioadhesion, low toxicity, biodegradability and biocompatibility. Furthermore, chitosan derivatization can be easily performed to improve the solubility and stability of chitosan–nucleic acid polyplexes, and enhance efficient target cell drug delivery, cell uptake, intracellular endosomal escape, unpacking and nuclear import of expression plasmids. As in other fields, chitosan is a promising drug delivery vector with great potential for the fish farming industry. This review highlights state-of-the-art assays using chitosan-based methodologies for delivering nucleic acids into cells, and focuses attention on recent advances in chitosan-mediated gene delivery for fish biotechnology applications. The efficiency of chitosan for gene therapy studies in fish biotechnology is discussed in fields such as fish vaccination against bacterial and viral infection, control of gonadal development and gene overexpression and silencing for overcoming metabolic limitations, such as dependence on protein-rich diets and the low glucose tolerance of farmed fish. Finally, challenges and perspectives on the future developments of chitosan-based gene delivery in fish are also discussed.

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Effects of dietary chitosan supplementation on farmed fish; a review

Cited by 91 publications

References 108 publications

Recent insights into the extraction, characterization, and bioactivities of chitin and chitosan from insects

Recent insights into the extraction, characterization, and bioactivities of chitin and chitosan from insects

Marine-Derived Chitosan Nanoparticles Improved the Intestinal Histo-Morphometrical Features in Association with the Health and Immune Response of Grey Mullet (Liza ramada)

Chitosan-Based Drug Delivery System: Applications in Fish Biotechnology

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