Effects of Dietary Cellulose, Pectin and Oat Bran on the Small Intestine in the Rat

Farness, Peggy L.; Schneeman, Barbara O.

doi:10.1093/jn/112.7.1315

Cited by 46 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…In the present study oats gave a lower sucrase activity and similar maltase and lactase activities relative to cellulose. Farness & Schneeman (1982) fed rats on oat bran and compared them with those fed on cellulose; the length of the intestine was the same but, in contrast to the results of the present study, the oats did not affect the sucrase activity. All groups had low lactase activities ( 1 .…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 81%

Effect of oat saponins and different types of dietary fibre on the digestion of carbohydrates

Önning

Asp

1995

Br J Nutr

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The effects of oat saponins (a mixture of avenacosides A and B) and dietary fibre (cellulose and guar gum) on the disaccharidase activities in the proximal small intestine of the rat were investigated. The influence of avenacosides A and B on the activity of disaccharidases and a-amylase (EC 3.2.1.1) was also studied in vitro. In vivo, oat diets with three'avenacoside contents (negligible, normal and twice normal) were used. No significant differences in sucrase (EC 3.2.1. a), maltase (EC 3.2.1.20), trehalase (EC 3.2.1.28) and lactase (EC 3.2.1.21) activities were found between the oat groups after 19 d feeding. The rats that were given cellulose tended to have higher disaccharidase activities compared with the other groups. The avenacosides inhibited the lactase activity significantly in vitro while no or small effects on the other disaccharidases were found. In contrast, the in viivo hydrolysis of starch by aamylase was increased in the presence of saponins, probably due to their detergent effect. Thus, the in vitvo studies showed that the avenacosides could influence the enzyme activities. In vivo, these effects are probably minor due to the low avenacoside concentrations found in oats.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 81%

Effect of oat saponins and different types of dietary fibre on the digestion of carbohydrates

Önning

Asp

1995

Br J Nutr

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“…Scrapings of the mucosa were immediately taken from two other pieces of 100 mm length (proximal jejunum, distal ileum). The mucosa was homogenized in ice-cold buffer (Farness & Schneeman, 1982) and frozen at -60" until enzyme determinations.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plantago ovataseeds as dietary fibre supplement: physiological and metabolic effects in rats

Leng-Peschlow

1991

Br J Nutr

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In rats, the effects of a 4-week supplementation of a fibre-free elemental diet with 100 or 200 g Plantago ovata seeds/kg was compared with that of the husks and wheat bran. The seeds increased faecal fresh weight up to loo%, faecal dry weight up to 50% and faecal water content up to 50%. The husks, at the high concentration only, were more effective and wheat bran less effective. Length and weight of the small intestine were not greatly affected by the seeds, but both variables increased significantly in the large intestine. The husks had more pronounced effects, especially in the small intestine, and wheat bran almost no effect. Faecal bacterial mass as estimated from the 2,6-diaminopimelic acid output was increased to the greatest extent by the seed-containing diet and by the high concentration of husks, but to a lesser extent by wheat bran. Faecal and caecal protein content was enhanced by the seeds and wheat bran, but to a lesser extent by the husks. Total acetate in caecal contents or faeces was highest on the seeds and husks diet and not elevated by wheat bran. Total faecal bile acid excretion was stimulated and P-glucuronidase (EC 3.2.1.31) activity reduced by both Plantago uvuta preparations, but not by wheat bran. Mucosal digestive enzyme activities were inhibited to different degrees by all dietary fibres in the jejunum, and sometimes activated in the ileum. These results suggest that Plantago ovata seeds are a partly-fermentable dietary fibre supplement which increases stool bulk; metabolic and mucosa-protective effects are also probable.Plantago uvata: Dietary fibre supplement Dietary fibres from natural or semi-synthetic sources have gained increasing attention as a supplement to the normal Western diet, which is poor in bulking substances, and as a prophylactic or therapeutic treatment of large bowel disorders (Dreher, 1987). Plantago ovum husks, often referred to as ispaghula (husks) or as psyllium (which is a misleading term as nearly all the commercially-available drug derives from Piantago ovafa Forsk. and not from Plantago psyllium L.) and wheat bran are widely used and well-investigated examples. Both compounds increase stool weight (Stevens et al. 1988), but have rather opposite physicochemical properties regarding solubility and water-binding capacity Van Soest, 1984;Englyst et al. 1989).Another fibre source, less well known, is Plantago ovata seeds. In contrast to the husks which consist only of the hulls of the seeds, the seed preparation includes the kernel together with the hulls. The water-holding capacity of the seeds is intermediate between that of the husks and wheat bran (Sosulski & Cadden, 1982;Struthers, 1986; LengPeschlow, 1990). Clinical studies with a Plantago ovata seed preparation indicate that this compound increases stool weight and reduces intestinal transit time in healthy volunteers (Heckers & Zielinsky, 1984) and augments stool frequency, stool mass, and water content in constipated patients (Solter & Lorenz 1983;Marlett et al. 1987). Symptoms in irritable bowel patie...

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“…Carbohydrates constitute the main component of poultry feeds whose share in the diet ranges from 40 to 70% (MCNAB & BOORMAN 2002). The water-insoluble fraction (cellulose, hemicelluloses, lignin) has little effect on the nutritive value (0-3 kcal/gram) (BARTNIKOWSKA 1995), however, it affects mainly the alimentary tract, which is reflected in its anatomy and histology (FARNESS & SCHNEEMAN 1982;HARA et al 1996), affects the digesta passage time (BURROWS et al 1982) and the development of caecum bacteria (CAMPBELL et al 1997). A proper bacterial fermentation in the caecum and maintenance of appropriate alimentary tract peristalsis require a 2-3% share of insoluble fibre in bird diet (SMULIKOWSKA 2002).…”

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confidence: 99%

Effect of Different Levels of Cellulose in the Diet on the Proteolytic Activity of the Pancreas in Broiler Chickens

Bogułsawska-Tryk

2005

folia biol (krakow)

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BOGUS£AWSKA-TRYK M. 2005. Effect of different levels of cellulose in the diet on the proteolytic activity of the pancreas in broiler chickens. Folia biol. (Kraków) 53 (Suppl.): 19-23. The experiment involved 36 Cobb broiler chickens and investigated the effect of different levels of cellulose preparation, Arbocel BWW-40, on the body weight, pancreas weight, content of protein in the pancreas gland and activity of trypsin and chymotrypsin in pancreas. The addition of cellulose to the bird diet showed a significant effect (P<0.05) on an increased body weight, content of protein in pancreas gland and the activity of proteolytic gland enzymes, which can stand for a more intensive protein metabolism in birds fed with a diet enriched with the Arbocel BWW-40 cellulose preparation.

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Effects of Dietary Cellulose, Pectin and Oat Bran on the Small Intestine in the Rat

Cited by 46 publications

References 17 publications

Effect of oat saponins and different types of dietary fibre on the digestion of carbohydrates

Effect of oat saponins and different types of dietary fibre on the digestion of carbohydrates

Plantago ovataseeds as dietary fibre supplement: physiological and metabolic effects in rats

Effect of Different Levels of Cellulose in the Diet on the Proteolytic Activity of the Pancreas in Broiler Chickens

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