Effects of dietary cation–anion difference on calcium, nitrogen metabolism and relative blood traits of dry Holstein cows

Li, F.C.; Liu, H.F.; Wang, Z.H.

doi:10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2007.07.003

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The increased plasma Mg concentration in cows fed −100 DCAD may result from their higher Mg intake in close-up diets. Similar results were reported by Joyce et al (1997); Lean et al (2006) and Li et al (2008). There was no significant effect of prepartum DCAD levels on serum phosphorus which is consistent with other reports (Shahzad et al, 2008; Wu et al, 2008).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Effect of Dietary Cation-Anion Difference during Prepartum and Postpartum Periods on Performance, Blood and Urine Minerals Status of Holstein Dairy Cow

Razzaghi

Aliarabi

Tabatabaei

et al. 2012

Asian Australas. J. Anim. Sci

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Twenty four periparturient cows were used to determine the effects of DCAD on acid-base balance, plasma and urine mineral concentrations, health status, and subsequent lactation performance. Each group of 12 cows received either a diet containing −100 DCAD or +100 DCAD for 21 d prepartum. Both anionic and cationic groups were divided into two groups, one received a +200 DCAD and the other +400 DCAD diet for 60 d postpartum. Prepartum reduction of DCAD decreased DMI, urinary and blood pH, urinary concentrations of Na or K and increased plasma and urinary Ca, Mg, Cl and S. Also cows fed −100 DCAD diet consumed the most dry matter in the first 60 d after calving. Postpartum +400 DCAD increased milk fat and total solid percentages, urinary and blood pH and urinary Na and K concentrations, but urinary Ca, P, Cl and S contents decreased. Greater DMI, FCM yields were observed in cows fed a diet of +400 DCAD than +200 DCAD. No case of milk fever occurred for any diets but feeding with a negative DCAD diet reduced placenta expulsion time. In conclusion, feeding negative DCAD in late gestation period and high DCAD in early lactation improves performance and productivity of dairy cows.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Effect of Dietary Cation-Anion Difference during Prepartum and Postpartum Periods on Performance, Blood and Urine Minerals Status of Holstein Dairy Cow

Razzaghi

Aliarabi

Tabatabaei

et al. 2012

Asian Australas. J. Anim. Sci

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“…Feeding anionic diets before and after parturition improved total Ca in cows (Oetzel et al, 1988). Other workers (Yen et al, 1981;Tucker et al, 1991;Li et al, 2008;Wu et al, 2008) also reported similar findings. Improved plasma Ca concentration is due to increased Ca absorption (Verdaris and Evans, 1975), Ca mobilization from bones (Fredeen et al, 1988a) and renal reabsorption of Ca due to slight metabolic acidosis induced by low DCAD diet (Ross, 1994b;Shahzad et al, 2008a, b;Sharif et al, 2010).…”

Section: Blood Mineralssupporting

confidence: 56%

“…Moreover, when the body faces an acid load, it is compensated through respiratory rate that reduced partial pressure of carbon (iv) oxide (pCO 2 ) and carbonic acid (H 2 CO 3 ) (Hill, 1990). Other researchers (Borucki Castro et al, 2004;Chan et al, 2006;Apper-Bossard et al, 2006;Shahzad et al, 2007;Li et al, 2008;Sarwar et al, 2008) also reported similar findings. Moore et al (2000) reported that blood pH and HCO 3 were lower in cows and heifers fed -15 DCAD diet than those fed 0 DCAD diet.…”

Section: Blood Acid Base Statusmentioning

confidence: 75%

“…Joyce et al (1997) reported that urinary excretion of Ca was higher in cows fed -7 mEq/100 g DM DCAD diet compared to those fed +30 and +35 mEq/100 g DM DCAD diets. Other researchers (Borucki Castro et al, 2004;Li et al, 2008) also observed increased urinary excretion of Ca at low DCAD diet while it tended to decrease at high DCAD diet. The increase in urinary Ca at low DCAD was due to high plasma Ca concentration.…”

Section: Blood Mineralsmentioning

confidence: 77%

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Dietary cation anion difference: Impact on productive and reproductive performance in animal agriculture

Sharif¹,

Shahzad²,

Mahr-un-Nisa³

et al. 2010

Afr. J. Biotechnol.

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Various nutritional tools have been used to improve the productive and reproductive performance of animals, among which difference between certain minerals, called dietary cation anion difference (DCAD) plays a pivotal role. Low or negative DCAD diets reduce blood pH and HCO 3 and animal becomes acidotic. This improves Ca absorption from the intestinal tract. It also induces mobilization of Ca from bones which improves Ca status of the animal, thus preventing the occurrence of milk fever at the time of parturition. This may increase milk production and health in subsequent lactation. However, animals fed high DCAD diets before parturition may suffer from milk fever. Milk fever affected animals have increased plasma cortisol level that causes immunosuppression at calving. It is also positively associated with other problems like retained placenta, mastitis and udder edema. On the other hand, feeding high DCAD diet results in increased ruminal pH which is prerequisite for optimal microbial activity as well as improving the feed intake of the animal. Improved dry matter intake (DMI) is positively correlated with milk yield by providing precursors for various milk constituents. High DCAD diet results in increased milk fat percent due to shifting of ruminal volatile fatty acid production towards acetic acid and butyric acid. It also improves energy balance of the animal which causes increased blood flow towards ovaries and increased progesterone synthesis and follicular development due to positive association between energy balance and postpartum ovulation, which leads to improved reproductive performance of the animal. While feeding low DCAD diet reduces feed intake which causes negative energy balance in early lactating animals that lessens conception rate and increases services per conception. In conclusion, feeding low DCAD diets prepartum prevents the occurrence of milk fever via improving Ca status while feeding high DCAD diets results in improved productive and reproductive performance in lactating animals.

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“…With respect to postcalving data, cows previously fed negative DCAD diets also had a tendency toward higher serum albumin and urea N concentrations. A study conducted by Li et al (2008) revealed that a prepartum diet with low DCAD (−26.5 mEq/100 g) resulted in a decline of digested N deposition efficiency compared with a positive DCAD diet, thereby contributing more available N for milk protein synthesis (Martins et al, 2015). Furthermore, albumin was found to be inversely related to postpartum disease and has been recommended as a disease risk indicator for transition cows by Van Saun (2006).…”

Section: Blood Metabolic Profilementioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic and blood acid-base responses to prepartum dietary cation-anion difference and calcium content in transition dairy cows

Zhang

Glosson

Bascom³

et al. 2022

Journal of Dairy Science

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Dairy cows commonly undergo negative Ca balance accompanied by hypocalcemia after parturition. A negative dietary cation-anion difference (DCAD) strategy has been used prepartum to improve periparturient Ca homeostasis. Our objective was to determine the influence of a negative DCAD diet with different amounts of dietary Ca on the blood acid-base balance, blood gases, and metabolic adaptation to lactation. Multiparous Holstein cows (n = 81) were blocked into 1 of 3 dietary treatments from 252 d of gestation until parturition: (1) positive DCAD diet and low Ca (CON; containing +6.0 mEq/100 g DM, 0.4% DM Ca); (2) negative DCAD diet and low Ca (ND; −24.0 mEq/100 g DM, 0.4% DM Ca); or (3) negative DCAD diet plus high Ca supplementation (NDCA; −24.1 mEq/100 g DM, 2.0% DM Ca). There were 28, 27, and 26 cows for CON, ND, and NDCA, respectively. Whole blood was sampled at 0, 24, 48, and 96 h after calving for immediate determination of blood acid-base status and blood gases. Serum samples collected at −21, −14, −7, −4, −2, −1, at calving, 1, 2, 4, 7, 14, 21, and 28 d relative to parturition were analyzed for metabolic components. Results indicated that cows fed ND or NDCA had lower blood pH at calving but greater pH at 24 h after calving compared with CON. Blood bicarbonate, base excess, and total CO 2 (tCO 2 ) concentrations of cows in ND and NDCA groups were less than those of cows in CON at calving but became greater from 24 to 96 h postpartum. The NDCA cows had lower blood bicarbonate, base excess, and tCO 2 at 48 h and greater partial pressure of oxygen after calving compared with ND. Cows fed ND or NDCA diets had lower serum glucose concentrations than CON cows before calving but no differences were observed postpartum. Serum concentrations of total protein and albumin were greater prepartum for cows in ND and NDCA groups than for those in CON. Postpartum serum urea N and albumin concentrations tended to be higher for ND and NDCA cows. Cows fed ND or NDCA diets had elevated serum total cholesterol concentration prepartum. During the postpartum period, triglycerides and NEFA of cows fed ND or NDCA diets tended to be lower than those of CON. Cows fed the NDCA diet had greater postpartum total cholesterol in serum and lower NEFA concentration at calving than ND. In conclusion, feeding a prepartum negative DCAD diet altered blood acid-base balance and induced metabolic acidosis at calving, and improved protein and lipid metabolism. Supplementation of high Ca in the negative DCAD diet prepartum was more favorable to metabolic adaptation to lactation in dairy cows than the negative DCAD diet with low Ca.

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Effects of dietary cation–anion difference on calcium, nitrogen metabolism and relative blood traits of dry Holstein cows

Cited by 6 publications

References 11 publications

Effect of Dietary Cation-Anion Difference during Prepartum and Postpartum Periods on Performance, Blood and Urine Minerals Status of Holstein Dairy Cow

Effect of Dietary Cation-Anion Difference during Prepartum and Postpartum Periods on Performance, Blood and Urine Minerals Status of Holstein Dairy Cow

Dietary cation anion difference: Impact on productive and reproductive performance in animal agriculture

Metabolic and blood acid-base responses to prepartum dietary cation-anion difference and calcium content in transition dairy cows

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